NO. 1847. THE LADDER-BACKED WOODPECKERS— OBERHOLSER. 151 



bars on wings averaging narrower; and spots on outer webs of pri- 

 mary coverts usually much larger. 



Measurements. — Male:^ Wing, 100-105 (average 102) mm.; tail, 

 60.5-66 (63); exposed culmen, 23.5-25 (24.5); tarsus, 18.5-19.5 

 (19.1); middle toe, 13-14.5 (14). 



Female: - Wing, 95-102 (99.2); tail, 57-69 (63.8); exposed culmen, 

 19-22 (20.5); tarsus, 17-18 (17.7); middle toe, 12.5-13 (12.8). 



Type-locality. — Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 



Geographical distribution. — Southern and central Lower California, 

 Mexico: north to Rosarito, north central Lower California; south to 

 Cape San Lucas. 



Of this subspecies I have seen 47 examples, representing the 

 localities below : 



Lower California. — San Ignacio; Cape San Lucas; La Laguna; 

 Rosarito; Santo Domingo ; Miraflores; San Jose del Cabo; Todos 

 Santos; Pescadero (10 miles south of Todos Santos); Santa 

 Anita; El Cajoncito; San Francisco Mountains. 



DRYOBATES SCALARIS EREMICUS, new subspecies. 



Chars, suhsp. — Similar to Dryobates scalaris lucasanus, but larger; 

 lower surface darker; upper parts darker, the white bars on back 

 averaging narrower and less regular, the black bars wider; black bars 

 on posterior lower parts averaging somewhat wider. 



Description.— Type, adult male, No. 196255, U.S.N.M., Biological 

 Survey collection; San Fernando, Lower Cahfornia, Mexico, Sep- 

 tember 4, 1905; E. W. Nelson and E. A. Goldman. Crown and nape 

 black, the feathers of the former subterminally dull white, terminally 

 poppy red, this producing a mottled effect on the top of the head, 

 but merging into a solid band of red on the occiput and anterior 

 hind neck; remaining upper parts black, all, excepting the superior 

 tail-coverts, barred with white — these white bars decidedly nar- 

 rower than the black interspaces; tail black, the three outer pairs 

 of feathers, including the dwarfed outermost one, barred with white, 

 except on basal portion of inner w^ebs of the third pair, but the outer 

 vanes of the second (the first long pair) and third wholly white 

 basally; the fourth pair irregularly barred with white on terminal 

 portion of both webs, and outer vanes broadly margined with white 

 for most of the rest of their length; wings black, with numerous spots 

 of white, w^hich, on tertials and some of the large upper wing-coverts, 

 become fairly well-defined bars; sides of head and neck light 

 smoky brown, the superciliary stripe paler; a broad postocular and 

 a malar stripe of black, which meet on the side of the neck; nasal 

 tufts and under surface light smoky brown; the lower abdomen 

 and crissum decidedly whitish, in rather abrupt contrast; sides of 



1 Ten specimens, from southern Lower California. ^ Ten specimens, from the same locality. 



