NO. 1851. WAVERLYAN PERIOD OF TENXESSEE—BASSLER. 213 



THE WAVERLYAN PERIOD. 



In the following pages I have included the Chattanooga shale, with 

 its initial deposit, the Hardia sandstone, as a part of the Waverlyan. 

 As mentioned before, Newberr}^, in all of his works on the Waverly, 

 considered the Cleveland shale as its lowest member. In his Ohio 

 report, published in 1874, he mentioned fish remains and large num- 

 bers of conodonts as its most abundant fossils, these being described 

 later in volume 2 of the "Paleontology of Ohio." A thin, impure 

 hmestone containing S yringothyris typa, Macrodon Jiamiltonae, and 

 other Waverly fossils, inaugurated the Cleveland shale and separated 

 it from the underlying Erie (now Chagrin) shale holding Spirifer dis- 

 junctus and other Chemung fossils. Accepting Newberry's classifica- 

 tion of the Cleveland shale as the basal member of the Waverly, the 

 present stratigraphic divisions of this series in Ohio are as follows: 



Divisions of Waverlyan in Ohio. 



7. Logan formation, mainly sandstone. 



6. Black-Hand formation, sandstones, often coarse and conglom- 

 eratic. 



5. Cuyahoga formation, clay shales and sandstones. 



4. Sunbury formation, fissile black shale. 



3. Berea sandstone. 



2. Bedford shale, locally with sandstone. 



1. Cleveland black shale. 



Foerste, in Ms article on The Bedford Fauna at Indian Fields and 



. * . 

 Irvine, Kentucky,^ correlates the Logan formation with the Keokuk 



by two errors, which, curiously enough, nulhfy each other and leave 



the correlation probably correct. His statement is as follows: 



In 1888 Mr. E. O. Ulrich, in the fourth volume of the Bulletin of Denison Uni- 

 versity, identified from the Upper Waverly of Ohio sixteen species of bryozoans which 

 occur also in the Keokuk of Kentucky, Illiaois, and Iowa. Of these, eight are found 

 at Kings Mountain, Kentucky, in strata identified by Ulrich as Keokuk, and two 

 other species are closely related to forms found at that locality. From this it is evi- 

 dent that the upper Waverly, now known as the Logan formation, is closely related 

 to the strata exposed at Kings Mountaki, and that both are approximately equiva- 

 lent to the Keokuk of the Mississippi Valley. 



However, the bryozoans described by Ulrich were derived from 

 the upper part of the Cuyahoga formation and not from the Logan. 

 Again, the Kings Mountain strata are not of Keokuk age but belong 

 to the typical Knobstone shale. 



In an article entitled " The Waverly Formations of East-Central 

 Kentucky," ^ Morse and Foerste show that the Bedford and Berea 

 formations thin rapidly southwestward from the Ohio River, in fact, 



> The Ohio Naturalist, vol. 9, No. 7, May, 1900. 2 Journal of Geology, vol. 17, No. 2, 1909. 



