NO. 1873. CHARACTERS OF GIGAA'TOPTERIS— WHITE. 509 



All the specifically identified plants in the above list are found in 

 beds referred to the Permian in their respective provinces, most of 

 them being European. The species and tj^pes in bold face are 

 diagnostic of the Permian. 



An mspection of the rather short list from the Wreford limestone 

 reveals a flora, most of whose species are characteristic of the Permian, 

 a small percentage only being common to the "Coal Measures." It 

 is in fact somewhat surprismg to note so few pre-Permian forms in 

 this flora. On the other hand, at the Washington locality, the 

 horizon of which is near the Winfield formation, a considerable 

 number of Pennsylvanian survivors are present in the Carbonaceous 

 muds, evidently the remains of an old swamp where they seem to 

 have found refuge, perhaps making their last stand. But even 

 these, nearly every one of which survived m the Permian of the Old 

 World, are accompanied by a sufficient number of characteristic 

 European Permian types clearly to show the Rotldiegende age of the 

 beds. The more ample material therefore confirms the conclusions 

 reached by Sellards,^ and substantiates the early opinions expressed 

 by the present writer.^ 



The Wellington flora is characterized by an abundance of Cal- 

 lipteris forms and by great numbers of Tseniopteris and Glenopteris, to 

 which are added types probably referable to UUmannia, Voltzia, 

 and Araucarites. The singular fronds of Glenopteris, doubtless a 

 Cycadofilic, have many points of similarity to the Mesozoic Cyca- 

 dopteris and Lomatopteris, as has been pointed out by Sellards. 

 The relatively simple form of the leaves and the thick leathery texture 

 are xerophytic characters strongly suggestive either of long dry 

 seasons or a climate more arid in general than that of the earlier 

 series. 



The Colorado flora. — In Colorado the search for plants in the ''Red 

 Beds" was confined to two points: Fairplay and the Canyon of the 

 Arkansas River below wSalida. At the former locality an unsuccessful 

 effort was made to rediscover the point at which Prof. Arthur Lakes 

 in 1883 coUected plants and insects. 



Plants were located by myself in buff and dark Carbonaceous 

 shales nearly 4 mdes southwest of Fairplay, the locality and horizon 

 bemg not far, as subsequently ascertained, from the plant bed dis- 

 covered by Professor Lakes. 



It will be remembered that the early collection was placed in the 

 hands of Lesquereux, and the insects were submitted to Scudder. 

 The former ^ pronounced the beds Permian, while the latter ^ adjudged 

 them to be Triassic, and so confidently and emphatically reiterated 



1 Kans. Univ. Quart., vol. 9, 1900, p. 179. Roport Kans. Univ. Oeol. Surv., vol. 9, 1909, p. 402. 



2 Bull. 211, U. S. Gcol. Sun'., 1903, p. 117. 



3 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Univ., vol. 7, 18S3, p. 244. 

 * Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 4, No. 12, 1890, p. 457. 



