534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MVSEVM. vol.41. 



angle; interorbital space broad and flat, there being little flesh 

 between skin and skull; posterior free edge of cheek above edge 

 of preorbital serrated; post-temporal and scapular bones strongly 

 serrate; eye very large; preopercular spine obsolete; no foramen in 

 interorbital area ; lateral line changing its course below the fourth 

 dorsal spine; middle dorsal spines longest; anal short, its rays III, 9 

 to 11; dorsal X, 11, Otherwise essentially as in Priacanthus, the 

 species living in deeper water. 

 {(peodijc, false; Priacanthus.) 



6. PSEUDOPRIACANTHUS NIPHONIUS (Cuvier and Valenciennes). 

 KURUMADAI (wheel porgy); KINKODAI (little gold porgy). 



Priacanthus niphonius Cuvier aud Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 3, 

 1829, p. 107 (Japan). — Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1844, 

 p. 21, pi. 7A (Nagasaki). — GiJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, 

 p. 217 (Japan). — Bleeker, Verh. kon. Nat. Ver. Neder., Ind., vol. 8, 1860, 

 p. 73 (Japan). — Steindachner and Doderlein, Beitr. Fische Japan's, I, 

 Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 47, 1883, p. 239 (Tokyo, Oshima). 



Pseudopriacanthus niphonius Bleeker, Versl. kon. Akad. Wet. Amst., (2), vol. 

 3, 1869, p. 241 (Japan); Atlas Ichtli., vol. 7, 1876, p. 14, pi. 350, fig. 5, and 

 354, fig. 3 (Japan). — Boulenger, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., 2d ed., 1895, p. 358 

 (Japan; Manado, Celebes).- — Jordan and Snyder, Check List, Ann. Zool. 

 Japan, vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 83 (Yokohama). 



Priacanthus meyeri Gxjnther, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1871, p. 656, pi. 67 (Manado, 

 Celebes).— Sauvage, Bull. Soc. Philom., (7), vol. 6, 1882, p. 168; Poiss. 

 Madag., 1891, p. 131. 



Habitat. — Japanese Seas, recorded once from Celebes, in East 

 Indian Seas. 



Description after Boulenger, of a specimen 275 mm. long. 



Head 2^ to 3 in total length; depth 2 to 2\; snout one-third to 

 one-half diameter of eye; eye If to 2 in head without mandible; 

 nterorbital width 3 to 4^ in head; D. X," 11 or 12; A. Ill, 10 or 11; 

 scales in lateral line 34-40, in series above 55-59, in transverse 

 series 5 or 6/30 to 34; gill-rakers on lower part of first arch 17. 



Dorsal originating above base of pectoral ; spines strongly striated, 

 middle longest two-thirds to three-fourths length of head and as 

 long or longer than longest soft rays. Pectoral three-fifths to two- 

 thirds length of head. Ventral about three-fourths length of head; 

 second and third anal spines nearly equal, as long as tenth dorsal; 

 caudal rounded. Color red above, silvery beneath; the soft fins 

 edged with blackish; young with dark crossbands. 



Steindachner and Doderlein say that their specimens had 48 to 52 

 scales above the lateral line, and that the ventrals reached usually 

 to the anal insertion. According to the plate given by Temminck 

 and Schlegel, the young have black dorsals and anals. 



This rare species of the deeper waters of Japan was not seen by us. 



Boulenger identifies Priacanthus refulgens of Sauvage with this 

 species, but a transverse scale count of 8/24 is given, the eye is as 



