542 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.41. 



head. Anal spines very strong, second 1| in head, third weaker 

 and shorter, 3 J in head. Anal rays shorter than second spine, fin 

 outline concave. Pectorals falcate, equal to length of head. Ventrals 

 as long as head less one-half eye diameter, their spines two-third 

 of their length, very strong. Caudal emarginate. 



Scales not strongly ctenoid, present on bases of soft dorsal and anal, 

 and in a sheath at base of spinous dorsal; absent on dorsal surface of 

 head, preorbitals, and along margins of preopercle. 



Color in alcohol uniform, olivaceous, darker above on body and 

 head, the latter much more so. Spinous dorsal margined slightly 

 with black; soft dorsal, anal, and caudal narrowly with white. First 

 five rays of soft dorsal tipped with a black spot below white margin. 

 Caudal submargined with black. Peritoneum and gill cavities clear. 



Steindachner describes the color of the young as follows: Color 

 whitish, with 7 or 8 broad dark longitudinal bands on the body, 

 parallel to each other, and set with darker spots. On the caudal are 

 three crossrows of spots, of which the middle row is smaller than the 

 others and indistinct. The spots on the posterior row lie very close 

 to the caudal margin, one very large, and deep blacldsh brown. A 

 larger black spot is present between the three last dorsal spines and 

 another white-margined one on the upper part of the first dorsal rays. 

 The anal has one not very sharply margined between the second 

 spine and third ray. Tips of the upper and lower rays of the caudal 

 white. Ventrals deep black, pectoral yellow, with a dark spot at 

 its base. 



This species is rare in Japan and apparently not common anywhere. 

 The specimen described was taken in the Tokyo market. We have 

 later found it in abundance in the market of Osaka, and at Fusan, in 

 Korea. It is known as Banzaidai. 



5. Family HMMITLI'DM. 



The GKtTNTS. 



Body oblong, or more or less elevated, covered with moderate- 

 sized, adherent scales, which are more or less strongly ctenoid or 

 almost cycloid; lateral line well developed, concurrent with the 

 back, usually not extending on the caudal fin; head large, the crests 

 on the skull usually largely developed; no suborbital stay; mouth 

 large or small, usually terminal, low and horizontal; premaxillaries 

 protractile, their spines not greatly produced backward; maxillary 

 without supplemental bone, for most of its length slipping under 

 the edge of the preorbital, which forms a more or less distinct sheath; 

 preorbital usually broad; teeth all pointed, none of them forming 

 marked canines; no teeth on the vomer, palatines, or tongue; 

 lower pharyngeals separate, with pointed teeth; gills 4, a large 

 slit behind the fourth; pseudobranchise large; gill-rakers moderate; 



