NO. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARID.^— JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 549 



and are present only on the fins. This adult has been known as 

 Diagrarama punctatum. 



We see no characters which would indicate that Plectorhynchus 

 pertusus of Thunberg is a different species. The subgenus Spilo- 

 tichthys Fowler, represented by this species, differs from typical 

 Plectorhynchus in the smaller scales and few dorsal spines. This 

 species is common along the coast of southern Japan. It was taken 

 by us at Onomichi and Nagasaki. 



(pictus, painted.) 



12. PLECTORHYNCHUS CINCTUS (Temminck and Schlegel). 

 KOSHODAI (noble porgy). 



Diagramma cinctwn Temmixck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1842, p. 61, pi. 

 26, fig. 1 (Nagasaki). — Richardson. Ichth. China and Japan, 1846, p. 226 

 (Canton). — GiInther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 325 (China, Japan, 

 Nepal). — Bleeker, Nieuwe Nalez. Verh. Bat. Gen., vol. 26, 1857, p. 18, 

 No. 117 (name only), (Japan, China). — Nystrom, K. Svenska Vet. Akad., 

 vol. 13 (Afd. 4), 1887, No. 4, p. 11 (Nagasaki). — Steindachner and Doder- 

 LEiN, Beitr. Fische Japan's II, Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. Wien., vol. 48, 

 1883, p. 11 (Tokyo). 



Plectorhynchus cinctum Bleeker, Enum. Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 

 1879, p. 7 (name only), (Kiusiu and Shikoku). 



Plectorhynchus cinctus Steindachner, Reise Aurora, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, 

 vol. 11, 1896, Heft 2, p. 199 (Inland Sea of Japan). 



Habitat. — Coasts of southern Japan and China. 



Description of nine specimens, five half-grown from Yokohama, 

 three adult from Wakanoura, and one from IMisaki, ranging from 88 

 to 370 mm. in length. 



Head 3 in body length; depth 2\) eye 5 in head; maxillary 3; 

 preorbital 4^; interorbital 3|; snout 2^; D. XII, 15; A. Ill, 7. 

 Scales above lateral hne 94, below 65 to 70; in transverse series 

 between insertions of dorsal and anal, 17/26. Gill-rakers 8 + 15. 



Body deep, nuchal region high, arched from snout to insertion of 

 dorsal, and less so from insertion to base of caudal. Interorbital 

 space arched from eye to eye. Mouth low, its tip below lower border 

 of eye by half diameter of latter. Jaws equal; maxillaries ending 

 below or slightly before anterior margin of eyes ; lips fleshy, maxillary 

 well sheathed by preorbitals. Nostrils large, slit-like. Preopercular 

 margin finely serrated. Opercle without spines, but witli two 

 obscure points. Teeth in jaws minute, bluntly conical, in narrow 

 bands above and below; absent on vomer and palatines. Gill-rakers 

 slightly pointed, short, one-fourth of eye diameter in length. 



Dorsals deeply divided. Fourth spine longest, 1§ to 2\ in head, 

 last 3 to 4. Longest dorsal rays 2\ in head. Second anal spine 

 longest, of equal strength udth third, former 2 to 2^ in head, latter 3. 

 Pectoral short. If in head, pointed. Ventrals longer, 1^ in head. 

 Caudal truncate in adult, somewhat rounded in young. 



