NO. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARID.^—JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 571 



band of granular teeth, and no true molar teeth at all. ]\Iouth rather 

 large. Both jaws with canines in front. Scales on cheeks in more 

 than three rows; preopercle more or less scaly. Doi-sal rays XII, 

 10, the spines low with exserted tips. Body compressed and ele- 

 vated, with a deep preorbital. Parietal crests of cranium little 

 developed. A single known species has the general aspect of Pagrus 

 or rather of Pagrosomus with the dentition more like that of Dentex. 

 The type of skull is precisely that of Pagrosomus major. In Dentex 

 dentex of the Mediterranean the frontals are porous as in Evynnis. 

 There is no hyperostosis of the supraoccipital. The parietal or 

 epiotic crest is elevated as a thin edge, and it is placed farther from 

 the supraoccipital than in Pagrosomus or Taius. 



In spite of the absence of molars, Taius is much more nearly allied 

 to Pagrus and Pagrosomus than to Dentex. 



{tai, porgy, the common name of Pagrosomus major and of related 

 species.) 



23. TAIUS TUMIFRONS (Temminck and Schlegel). 



KOTAI (baby porgy); MAKODAI (true baby porgy); BENIKODAI (red baby porgy); 

 KINKODAI (red baby porgy); EITAI (yellow tai or porgy). 



Chrysophrys tumifrons Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1843, p. 70, 

 pi. 34 (Nagasaki). 



Pagrus tumifrons Gunther, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 470 (after 

 Temminck and Schlegel). — Nystrom, Jap. Fisksaml. K. Svenska Vet. Akad., 

 vol. 13, Afd. 4, 1887, No. 4 (Nagasaki). — Jordan and Snyder, Check List, 

 Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 79. — Kishinouye, Journ. 

 Fish. Bur. Tokyo, vol. 10, 1901, No. 3, p. 38, pis. 3; pi. 5, fig. 5-8; pi. 7, 

 fig. 2 (Japan: Hondo, Shikoku, Kiushu, and Formosa). 



Sparus tumifrons Bleeker Enum. Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 1879, 

 p. 7. 



Dentex hypselosomus Bleeker, Japan, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind., vol. 6, 1854, p. 402 

 (Nagasaki); Verh. Bat. Gen., vol. 26, 1857, pi. 4, fig. 2 (Japan) p. 89.— 

 GiJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 371 (after Bleeker). — Stein- 

 dachner, Reise Aurora, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien., vol. 11, 1896, Heft 2, 

 p. 199 (Japan). — Jordan and Snyder, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, 

 pts. 2 and 3, 1901, p. 77. — Jordan and Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mas., 

 vol. 25, 1903, p. 345, fig. 17 (Formosa). — ^Jordan and Richardson, Fishes 

 Formosa, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vol. 4, 1909, No. 4, p. 185, fig. 15. 



Synagris hypselosoma Bleeker, Atlas Ichth., vol. 7, 1876, pi. 36, fig. 2; Enum. 

 Poiss., Verh. kon. Akad. Amst., vol. 18, 1879, p. 7. 



Hahitat. — Southern Japan and China. 



Description of three specimens from Takao, Formosa, 245 to 280 

 mm. in body length : 



Head 2§ in body length to last vertebra; depth 2; eye 3|; inter- 

 orbital breadth 3|; preorbital depth 3f ; snout 2J; D. XII, 10; 

 A. Ill, 8 ; scales in lateral line 49 ; in transverse series from insertion 

 of dorsal to that of anal 6/14 (6/12-17, Kishinouye); gill rakers 

 8+11; pyloric caeca 4. 



