NO. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARIDJE— JORDAN AND THOMPSON. 577 



side. Supraoccipital crest high, not extending forward before eye; 

 frontal bone solid with few pores, epiotic or parietal crests little 

 developed. Dorsal spines not filamentous ; second equal, or slightly- 

 less than length of eyes, about 3| in head, longer than in Evynnis 

 cardinalis; third and fourth about 2 in head; fifth 2\. Second and 

 third anal spines usually equal, second sometimes stronger, 3 to 3J 

 in head. Pectoral extending slightly beyond anal insertion, longer 

 than head by half length of eye, its lowest rays slightly elongate; 

 ventral 1^ in head. Caudal deeply forked. 



Scales not present on bases of soft dorsal and anal. Head scaled 

 to above eyes. Preopercular limbs with an occasional scale; cheeks 

 with 7 rows. 



Color (Kishinouye) : Back reddish, generally with greenish luster 

 and many blue spots; belly silvery. Iris of eyes brownish with 

 golden luster, upper portion of orbit blue. Upper posterior margin 

 of operculum and base of pectoral fin dark brown; lower part of 

 caudal fin wiiitish, tinged with blue, while the posterior margin of the 

 fin is generally frmged with black. In old specimens the coloration 

 is dusky, and blue spots are not generally found. Our alcoholic 

 specimens are nearly uniform in color, with a few traces of blue 

 spots. Peritoneum and gill cavities silvery. 



This species has frontals which differ markedly from those of 

 Evynnis cardinalis, being heavy, thick, and little cavernous. The 

 supraoccipital crest is thickened greatly in its posterior, lower part, 

 and the firet spinous interneural is enlarged and thick in its upper 

 portion. The thickening of the supraoccipital and the interneural 

 is evidently due to hyperostosis (with age), but this is not so evi- 

 dent in the case of the frontals, as a young specimen 10 cm. in length 

 had frontals as little porous as the adult, although not nearly as 

 heavy. The whole cranium is longer for its depth than that of 

 Evynnis cardinalis.^ The observations recorded above as to the 

 relative widths of the scaled portion of the cheek and of the pre- 

 opercle do not seem to apply to Kishinouye's figure, although it was 

 true of all our specimens. 



We can find no distinguishmg characteristics in Pagrus arthurius 

 Jordan and Starks from Port Arthur on a careful comparison of the 

 type with specunens of Pagrosomus major from Japan. The depth 

 of the preorbital stated to distinguish it is exactly the same, as is the 

 size of the eye, measurmg in hundredths of body length. The short- 

 ness of the third spine of the doraal is due to injury. Pagrus arthu- 

 rius is therefore a synonym of Pagrosomus major, as is also Pagrus 

 ruler Doderlein. This nominal species is thus described. 



Head 3 or less in body; depth 2f ; eye 2f in head; interorbital 

 space 4; snout 3; preorbital height If to IJ in eye; D. XII, 10; 



1 See Kishinouye, Journ. Fish. Biir. Tokyo, vol. 10, No. 3, 1901, for figures or skull, etc. 

 94428°— Proc.N.M.vol.41— 11 37 



