NO. 1875. THE JAPANESE SPARID.^— JORDAN AND TH03IPS0N. 581 



The parietal (epiotic) crests of the cranium are well developed, much 

 as in Pagrus pagrus. Species rather numerous on the coasts of the 

 Old World from England to Japan. The group called ChrysoUephus, 

 from South Africa, with the median molars enlarged, is probably 

 generically distinct. The genus Calamus, from tropical America, 

 resembles Sparus externally, but differs remarkably in the enlarged 

 and hollow interhaemal spine. 



(sparus, aTtdpor, the ancient name, from aTza'cpoj, to gasp.) 



Key to species, 

 a^. Snout very blunt, the profile approaching the vertical; anal rays III, 11; dorsal 

 rays XI or XIII, 13; scales about 60; rows of olivaceous stripes along the series 



of scales aries, 27. 



a^. Snout more or less acute, the profile oblique, anal rays III, 8; scales 45 to 54. 

 b^. Body rather deep, the depth 2J in body length; dorsal rays XI, 12; scales 45; 

 second anal spine If in head; olivaceous spots along the series of scales; a 



dark spot at origin of lateral line, lower fins yellow latus, 28. 



b^. Body moderately elongate, the depth 2| in length; dorsal rays XI, 12; scales 54; 

 second anal spine 2^ in head; no distinct streaks of spots along rows of scales; 

 color dark; anal fin partly black swinhonis, 29. 



27. SPARUS ARIES (Temminck and Schlegel). 

 HTODAI (front porgy); HEDAI (grunt porgy). 



"fSpariis sarba ForskIl, Descr. Anim., 1775, p. 31 (Red Sea). 



"iChrysophrys sarba Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, 1830, p. 102 

 (Isle de France).— RuppELL, N. W. Fische, 1835, p. 110, pi. 28, fig. 1 (Red 

 Sea).— GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 488 (Red Sea).— 

 Kner, Reise Novara, Fisch., 1860, p. 88. — Klunzinger, Syn. Fische Roth. 

 Meer., Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, vol. 20, 1870, p. 759 (Red Sea).— Day, Fishes 

 India, 1875, p. 142, pi. 34, fig. 6 (Madras).— Sauvage, Poiss. Madag., 1891, 

 p. 195, p\. 25a, fig. 3 (Lagunes of eastern coast of Madagascar). 



Sparus sarba J onBAii and Seale, Fishes Hongkong, Proc. Davenport Acad. Sci., 

 vol. 10, 1905, p. 10 (not synonymy). 



ISparus bufonites Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1803, pp. 141, 143, pi. 26, fig. 3. 



?Sparus psittacus Lacepede, Hist. Nat. Poiss., 1803, pp. 141, 143. 



IChrysophrys chrysargyra Cuvier and Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., vol. 6, 

 1830, p. 107 (Vizagapatam). 



Chrysophrys aries Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, 1843, p. 67, pi. 31 

 (Nagasaki).— Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen., vol. 26, 1857, p. 87 (Nagasaki).— 

 GtJNTHER, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 1, 1859, p. 489 (China).— Steindachner 

 and Doderlein, Beitr. Fische Japan's, II, Denkschr. kais. Akad. Wiss. 

 Wien, vol. 48, 1883, p. 18 (Tokyo, Tango). 



Sparus aries Jordan and Snyder, Check List, Ann. Zool. Jap., vol. 3, pts. 2 and 

 3, 1901, p. 79 (Yokohama). 



Sparus latus Jordan and Evermann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 25, 1903, p. 350 

 (Giran, Formosa).— Jordan and Richardson, Fishes Formosa, Mem. Carne- 

 gie Mus., vol. 4, No. 4, 1909. (Not of Houttuyn, not Pagrits latus Richardson.) 

 HaUtat.— Coasts of southern Japan and China. Possibly identical 

 with Sparus sarla Forskal of the Red Sea and East Indian region. 



Description of nine specimens from Wakanoura, one from Naga- 

 saki, three from Tokyo, two from Hongkong, and one from Moreton 

 Bay, Queensland, Austraha. Body lengths ranging up to 250 mm. 



