ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND WATERS. 157 



the surface, which, on 10 inches' absorption, would yield a daily average 

 of 126 million gallons, or a supply for two-and-a-half million persons ; 

 and is available for the supply of Exeter. In this district further infor- 

 mation has been collected by Mr. Stooke, C.E. 



In the Lancashire and Cheshire plains New Red sandstones crop over 

 1070 square miles, which, at 10 inches' absorption, would give a daily 

 average yield of 428 million gallons, or a supply for eight-and-a-half mil- 

 lion persons at fifty gallons per head. The new boring at Bootle, carried 

 to a depth of 1300 feet, by Messrs. Mather and Piatt, for the Corporation 

 water-supply of Liverpool, reported on last year, is now completed, but 

 further details are deferred until pumping has determined how far the 

 underground yield of Liverpool is increased by this sinking. Some 

 doubts having been thrown on the determination of the age of the hard 

 coarse-grained rock, met with under the Pebble Beds at Bootle, which 

 your Reporter considers to be a compact variety of the Lower Mottled 

 sandstone, he is glad to be able to state the correctness of this opinion 

 is proved by a boring made for the Warrington Waterworks Company, at 

 Winwick, by Mr. E. Timmins, of Runcorn, which, after passing through 

 the base of the Pebble Beds, and a compact ' millet seed '-grained rock, 

 identical with that of Bootle, again entered soft, loose, red and white 

 sand, of the Lower Mottled sandstone type, which in its turn again rested 

 on the Upper Coal Measures, including a limestone probably referable to 

 the age of the Ardwick limestone of Manchester. 



Appendix A. 



Triassic Wells, Sfc, South Devon. 

 By Thos. S. Stooke, C.E., Kingskerswell, Newton Abbot. 



Lyons Holt Spring, situate near Exeter, on the New Red sandstone 

 formation at a height of about 126 feet above sea level. 



The water yielded in the twenty-four hours being about 47,000 

 gallons, and which is conveyed through pipes to various parts of the city 

 of Exeter, being distributed by means of drinking fountains. 



The water is much valued, and Mr. Perkins of that city supplies the 



following analyses, viz. : — 



100,000 parts contain free ammonia .... ^004 



Albuminoid ammonia ...... '0074 



Nitrogen as nitrates and nitrites .... *236 



Chlorine ....... 5*7 



Name of Individual or Company applied to — 



W. Shepherd & Son. 



1. Lunatic Asylum, Exminster. 2. 100 ft. 3. Depth of shaft 117 ft., diameter 

 9 ft. ; from surface to bottom of bore-hole 473 ft. 6 in. 4. Before pumping 30 ft. 

 above bottom of shaft ; after pumping 12 hours 25 ft. ; restored in 6 hours after 

 pumping. 5. 200,000. 6. N.B. — This bore-hole has only very recently been com- 

 pleted. 7. The new pumping machinery not yet reported at work. 8. The water 

 is very good, and is highly valued by the authorities. 9. Conglomerate, chiefly red 

 sandstone. lO. Yes. 11. No. 12. No. 13. No. 14. No. 15. No. 



J. M. Drew. 



1. Bridge Mills, Silverton. 2. About 80 ft. 3. 20 ft. ; 4 ft. ; 237 ft. 6 in. 

 4. 20 ft. and 34A ft. from surface. 5. 180,000. 6. No. No. 7. No. 8. Not 



analyzed further than to prove it to be free from iron. 



