REPORT OF THE ANTHROPOMETRIC COMMITTEE. 



203 



they exist in the whole nation. If we take the census of 1871 we shall 

 find that such a model community would consist of 14 - 82 per cent, of the 

 non-labouring class, 47"46 per cent, of the labouring class, and 37*72 per 

 cent, of the artisan and operative classes. Bat as many trades are con- 

 fined to certain districts it would be very difficult to find such a repre- 

 sentative population in a limited space in this country. The nearest 

 approach to one would be found in some of our larger county towns, such 

 as York, Derby, or Exeter, with a large portion of the surrounding agri- 

 cultural districts. 



' As the statistics which I have collected in England represent various 

 classes rather than the general population, I have arranged them in a 

 double series — a most favoured class and a least favoured class — and I 

 have adopted the average of the two extremes as typical of the English 

 nation. The American statistics, with which 1 have compared my own, 

 are very valuable, as they represent the general population of the United 

 States. Dr. Bowditch's data were collected " in nearly all the public 

 (common) schools of the city of Boston, in several schools in South Bos- 

 ton, Roxbury, Charlestown, and Jamaica Plain; in the Institute of Tech- 

 nology, in two Latin schools, a school for young ladies, and in several 

 public (common) schools in Brookline," (" On the Growth of Children," 

 8th An. Rep. State Board of Health of Mass., 1877), and Dr. J. H. Bax- 

 ter thus vouches for the representative character of the statistics published 

 by the United States Government : — " It should be borne in mind that 

 this statistical matter does not relate to soldiers already in the service — 

 picked men in no wise representing the masses — but to the people, the 

 men engaged in every occupation ; the professional man and the man of 

 letters, the trader, the merchant, the clerk, the artisan and the unskilled 

 labourer." (" Statist. Med. and Anthrop.," vol. i. p. 19.) 



' The accompanying tables and charts show the relation which exists 

 between the height and weight (1) of the most favoured and the least 

 favoured classes of the English population ; (2) between the English and 

 Americans of British origin ; (8) between the two sexes of the British 

 race ; and (4) between the British and Belgian populations of both 

 sexes. 



' 1. The height and weight of the English male population. (Chart 

 tracings No. 1 ; tables I. and II., columns 1, 2, and 3.) From birth 

 to the age of 6 or 7 years the statistical data are imperfect, but it 

 is probable from the directions of the curves of growth that all classes 

 of the English population are about the same in height and weight at 

 this period. After the age of 8 years the curves diverge very rapidly, 

 the divergence being due to a slower development of the labouring and 

 artisan class. 



' After 8 years the professional class exceeds the labouring and artisan 

 class, thus : — 



At 8 years the Professional Class exceeds the Labouring 



and Artisan Class by 

 „ 10 years 

 » 12 „ 

 » 14 „ 



„ 16 and 17 years 

 » 18 » 19 » 

 » 20 „ 21 „ 

 „ 25 to 30 „ 



