206 report— 1879. 



posed, but of all three in various proportions. In my statistics the 

 English predominate ; in the American, Irish blood must be very laro-ely 

 represented, and there is a large admixture of the Scotch element in both. 

 In order to distinguish the relative stature and weight of the three na- 

 tionalities I have had recourse to the army returns of both countries, and 

 the results are given in detail in Tables III. and IV. (as shown on pre- 

 ceding page). 



' These tables show that the English (and Welsh) recruits are shorter 

 in stature than the Irish by O30 of an inch, and the Scotch by 044 of an 

 inch ; and the American recruits bom in Great Britain are about half an 

 inch shorter in stature than those of corresponding nationality in the 

 English army. 



' The Scotch recruits in Great Britain though possessing the greatest 

 stature, are lighter in weight than the English (and Welsh) by 3 - 3 lbs., 

 and the Irish by 4 - l lbs., and the Irish are nearly 1 lb. heavier than the 

 English. 



'Lowering the standard of height from 66 inches in 1862-3 to 65 

 inches in 1864-5 lowered the average stature of the English by 017 inch, 

 of the Scotch by 021 inch, and of the Irish by 025 inch ; but there was 

 an increase of weight in all three nationalities. In the Scotch it amounted 

 to 67 lbs. 



' It is probable that the stature of the English recruits is lowered by a 

 large admixture of Welsh, and by the young musicians, who are almost 

 entirely of English birth and often under the standard height. 



1 3. The relation between the height and weight of the two sexes of the 

 British or Anglo-Saxon race. (Chart tracings No. 3 ; tables I. and II., 

 columns 5 and 6.) 



' My statistics of the height and weight of females in England are 

 very limited in extent (from 8 to 14 years of age), and refer only to the 

 labouring and artisan class. As the average male population of England 

 and America are so nearly identical, we may accept the measurements of 

 American girls published by Dr. Bowditch as applicable to this country 

 also. These were collected in the common schools in Boston and sur- 

 rounding neighbourhood, under the same circumstances and at the same 

 time as the males, and fairly represent the general population. They are 

 given in column 6 of tables I. .and II., and the tracings are shown in 

 diagrams 3 and 4. The observations at the time of birth are English, 

 collected by myself, but all the remainder are American. 



' At birth girls are about ^ of an inch shorter tban boys, and from 1 to 

 4 there is a much wider difference, but the statistics are too few to deter- 

 mine the amount. From 5^ to 10^ the stature of the two sexes is nearly 

 the same, the advantage being slightly in favour of the boys ; but after 

 the age of 11^ and up to 14^ years the girls are the taller ; at 12^ the 

 difference is 0'84, and at 13^ 088 of an inch. From 15^ to 18^ the growth 

 of the boys is much greater than that of the girls. At 15 the difference 

 in favour of the boys is T06 inches; at 16, 3 - 02 inches; at 17, 4"10; and 

 at 18, 4 - 85 inches, at which age the females probably attain their full 

 stature. (Chart tracings No. 4; tables I. and II., columns 5, 6, 7, and 8.) 



' In considering the weight of the two sexes, we find that at birth girls 

 are ^ lb. lighter in weight than boys ; at 5 and 6 the difference amounts 

 to about 6 lbs., but after the latter age the weights gradually approximate, 

 and at 12 they are identical. From 12^ to 15^ the girls are heavier than 

 the boys, the difference at 13J being 452 lbs., and at 14^, 5'02 lbs. At 



