TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 339 



sides. Both the latter articles may have got into the crevices where they were 

 found from the top stratum. The second stratum was clearly defined from the 

 first, was of a grey colour, very distinct, and contained much carbonate of lime that 

 in places formed white seams in it. Much charcoal occurred in this stratum, and 

 in part of the cave formed a faint black seam reposing on one of the white a'bove 

 mentioned ; while underneath this more charcoal was found, not only in the grey 

 stratum, but deep in that below it. The bones in this second stratum were <?ene- 

 rally blackened and had whitish dendritic markings. They represented man ox 

 Irish elk, red deer, goat, pig, bear, dog or wolf, badger, fox, cat (?), marten, hare 

 and rabbit. .Remains of ox were not numerous, but those of Irish elk were abund- 

 ant, and formed a leading feature of this stratum. They consisted chiefly of the 

 small bones of the feet and leg-joints, and of the extremities of the marrow-bones 

 (which were in all cases broken off), and splinters of the same. The metacarpal 

 and metatarsal bones were split lengthways, often into narrow strips. One meta- 

 tarsal was not only cleft in two through both extremities, but strips of bone which 

 we found had been severed from it. Some of the Irish elk's bones appear to have 

 been gnawed by some carnivorse. Fragments of the antlers were also found 

 Along with a lot of the elk's remains (including the split metatarsal) was found a 

 rounded bone, supposed to have been an awl, that was blackened like the neigh- 

 bouring bones, and a worn stone with large perforations. Near these two was a 

 bears scapula ; elsewhere a marine mussel-shell and a limpet occurred near human 

 bones and charcoal in this stratum. In it were found, too, many stones, with their 

 extremities chipped, some on both edges, as if by human use, and others that were 

 ground down. Two fragments of coarse, hand-made pottery, blackened by fire on 

 the concave side, were obtained either from the first or the second stratum Under 

 the second stratum was crystalline stalagmite, forming in the inner part of the cave a 

 solid floor from 2| to 3£ feet in depth, but in the outer part of the cave it had been 

 broken up into blocks, which were enveloped in a pale sandy earth underlying the 

 two upper strata. This sandy earth contained charcoal in several places and bones 

 ot bear, pig, deer, dog or wolf, and hare. The ursine remains were of very laro-e 

 individuals, equal to Ursus speleeus in size. On removing a floor of stalagmite that 

 had not been broken up we found numerous bones of a large bear embedded in it, 

 as well as the creature's mandible with the teeth, also teeth of deer ; while embed- 

 ded in the stalagmite and under it we got an astragal of Irish elk and a metacarpus 

 ot deer, short and stout, with the deep postern furrow of reindeer. The lowest 

 stratum that reposed on the floor of the cave consisted of a coarse brown sand 

 mixed with gravel composed of fragments and pebbles of purplish, greenish, and 

 yellow sandstone. This was united to the stalagmite on the line of contact 

 No bones nor implements have yet been found in this lowest stratum 



5. On some remarkable Pebbles in the Boulder-clay of Cheshire and 

 Lancashire. By Charles Ricketts, M.D., F.G.8. 



Erratic pebbles, ice-marked and otherwise eroded, occur abundantly in the 

 Boulder-clay of Cheshire and Lancashire. There are others not so exceedingly 

 infrequent which, with or without eroded surfaces, bear indications of weathering 

 but in such peculiar forms that it cannot have occurred under conditions existing 

 in the British Isles at the present time. Some blocks of granite, volcanic rock 

 and sandstone are weathered all over, except at a necklike portion where they have 

 been broken off as at a joint. Others of granite and trap are completely disinte- 

 grated, sometimes even throughout the whole mass, but each individual <ranule 

 remains in its original position. Whilst other trappean blocks, generally partially 

 striated, have portions of the surface roughened and honeycombed, the disintegrated 

 material remaining attached in the form of a light green powder with minute 

 Iragments of the rock. 



Carboniferous limestone pebbles are sometimes split apart, and are often affected 

 by chemical action m various forms, generally since they have been glaciated • 

 though some have subsequently been again exposed to glacier-friction. In a few 



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