TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION F. 467 



420/., forensic medicine 250/., Institute of Medicine 500/., physiology 200/., obstetric 

 medicine 150/. ; total, 4,410/. A grant is made of 475/. for engineering, and also 

 500/. for logic, 291/. for moral philosophy, 60/. for political economy, 450/. for law 

 and jurisprudence, and 50/. for constitutional history. The amounts granted for the 

 British Museum, 110,949/., for the South Kensington Museum, for scientific research, 

 and for schools of science cannot he classified with any precision. It is easy to see, 

 however, that Government aid is principally given to physical and natural science, 

 leaving a wide range of scientific exploration altogether unassisted. 



Great have been the achievements of science in modern times, and England 

 owes to its cultivators a profound debt of gratitude. Our manufactures and in- 

 dustry, our productive power and means of locomotion, all depend for their develop- 

 ment on the advance of science, and our scientific societies have a high economic 

 value. The Eoyal and Mathematical Societies are labouring to evolve the prin- 

 ciples of those sciences which govern the phenomena of the material universe and 

 the practical problems of the Law of Probabilities. The Statistical Society subjects 

 the real worth of economic doctrine to the close test of numbers, the great corrective 

 of experience, using the inductive rather than the deductive method in its researches 

 for the guidance of the philosopher and statesman. The Royal Astronomical Society is 

 expanding our knowledge of the meteorology and magnetism of the universe, as 

 well as of the laws which govern the motion of the heavenly bodies, to the immense 

 benefit of navigation. The Chemical Society is analysing matter, finding out new 

 elements, and enriching the world with the knowledge of their capabilities. The Geo- 

 logical Society maps out for us the very strata of the earth. The Royal Geographical 

 explores for us unknown regions, and makes us acquainted with the habits and 

 wants of distant races. The Institute of Civil Engineers discusses those pro- 

 blems relating to railways, telegraphs, and steam navigation, which so especially 

 distinguish this age of material progress. Much has been done in the pursuit of 

 science, but much more remains to be accomplished ; and England's hope to main- 

 tain her high position in productive industry must depend on the success which 

 men of science may yet attain in fathoming the inexhaustible secrets of nature, on 

 the increase in the number of patient yet ardent votaries of science, and still more 

 on the diffusion of education and scientific knowledge among the great body of the 

 jpeqple. 



Local Societies. 



Edinburgh Botanical Society. 



Glasgow Natural Society. 



Yorkshire Agricultural Society. 



Yorkshire Philosophical Society. 



Ulster Chemical Agricultural Society. 



Wiltshire Natural History Society. 



Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Societj 



Cambridge Antiquarian Society. 



Worcester Diocesan Architectural Society. 



Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society. 



Tweeddale Physical and Antiquarian Society. 



Lincoln Diocesan Architectural Society. 



Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History. 



Liverpool Architectural and Archaeological Society. 



Lancashire Historic Society. 



Glasgow Archaeological Society. 



Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. 



Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 



Edinburgh Philosophical Society. 



Leamington Philosophical Society. 



Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, 



Newcastle Natural History Society. 



Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society. 



Falmouth Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society. 



Exeter Naturalists' Club. 



H H 2 



