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AQUARIUM HEATING 



CHARLES M. BREDER, JR. 



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Cf\oss stencil OF Tamk, fhewirt <k 

 ttETHOQ OF HEATinfi. 



eiio view or HEftTirni unit. 



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When creatures of warm countries are 

 removed to cooler climes, past the limit 

 of their adaptability or possible acclima- 

 tion, it becomes necessary to furnish the 

 temperatures to which they were accus- 

 tomed in order to meet success in keep- 

 ing them as pets. With many of our 

 exotic fishes it is necessary to do this in 

 most parts of the United States when 

 winter grips us. From the time when 

 tropical fishes were first introduced for 

 study and investigation into temperate 

 countries, the question of warmth for 

 them has been a leading one, and is still 

 much discussed by aquarists, varying 



views as to methods being held to a 

 greater or less extent. The types in gen- 

 eral use can be briefly classified as fol- 

 lows : 



DIRECT HEATING SYSTEMS 



1. Gas or oil flame applied direct to 

 metal disc or pan affixed to bottom of 

 the tank. 



2. Water from tank circulated through 

 pipes that pass over a flame which heats 

 the water and causes the circulation. 



3. Heat source in a cylindrical jar 

 standing or floating in the tank, and ex- 

 tending above waterline (Aquatic Life, 

 November, 1915, and September, 1917). 



