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It is often desirable to record aquaria 
and their contents by photography. 
Aside from scientific value, photographs 
of fishes and aquatic plants are of inter- 
est to aquarians and nature students, and 
the work affords a pleasant pastime, not 
to mention possible profit. An enlarged 
print of a rare or fine fish makes a hand- 
some ornament for the conservatory long 
after the original has run its life, and is 
a permanent record of the prowess of 
the owner in fish culture. Lantern slides 
are not difficult to make, and a good 
series is a valuable addition to the para- 
phernalia of the nature club or individual 
Those who desire slides or 
Fishes 
lecturer. 
prints usually pay well for them. 
could easily be obtained from other fan- 
ciers in exchange for photographic 
Services. 
A plate camera with a focusing screen 
is indispensable for the work, the more 
expensive the better; but that does not 
mean that good work cannot be done 
with an instrument moderate in cost. The 
photographs used to illustrate this paper 
were taken with an Eastman Plate 
Camera, Series C, No. 4, with a Rapid 
Rectilinear lens, working up to U. S. 4. 
The shutter has speeds up to a hundredth 
of a second, but for these purposes I 
have used nothing over one-fiftieth. ‘This 
camera uses plates 4 by 5 inches. The 
bellows can be extended so that objects 
may be photographed three-fourths size 
without any extra attachment. ‘The out- 
fit, without the tripod, was bought sec- 
ond-hand for eight dollars, and ones 
similar to it are usually to be had for 
about that amount. 
Aquarium Photography 
CHARLES M. BREDER, JR. 
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For taking general views of tank in- 
teriors—plants and rock work—there is 
nothing much to be said. ‘The side of 
the tank nearest the camera must be 
parallel with the photographic plate, and 
no light reflected from the side of the 
tank must shine directly into the lens. 
HUT FOR, 
TRLPOD SCREW. 
The Author’s Apparatus 
This light can usually be seen on the 
ground glass while focusing. If these 
precautions are not observed, the reflect- 
ed light will appear in the picture as 
white streaks. As long exposures are 
necessary, the tank being usually closely 
planted, the fishes should be removed; 
otherwise they will appear as blurs. ‘The 
sediment that is stirred up in catching the 
fishes must be allowed to settle before 
making the exposure. 
pension in the water appear in the photo- 
graph as specks. 
Particles in sus- 
The correct exposure 
must be worked out for each aquarium, 
as conditions vary so much that no gen- 
eral rule can be given. It should be 
borne in mind that water and glass are 
somewhat more opaque to actinic light 
