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Passing from such influence as the 
progress of ichthyology received at the 
hands of such men as J. Ray and F. Wil- 
lughby, from 1628 to 1672, we pass to 
a brief account of the achievements of 
a man who far outclassed either of 
them; although what he did for the sci- 
ence of fishes in his time was due to the 
accomplishments of the two writers just 
mentioned. Reference is made to the 
labors of Peter Artedi. 
Now, Artedi was born in Sweden in 
1705, and at the age of 29 he was acci- 
dentally drowned in one of the canals of 
Amsterdam, in 1734. In his brief life- 
span he not only studied under Linnzus 
at Upsala, but he seized upon the pub- 
lished material left by Ray and Wil- 
lughby, whose writings he thoroughly 
appreciated, and applied them to his own 
various lines of research in ichthyology. 
Owing to his sudden and early taking off, 
all this was left in manuscript; but, for- 
tunately, there was a friend at hand to 
take care of this for him. This was 
Count Clifford, a wealthy Englishman, 
and the proof was edited by a no less dis- 
tinguished naturalist than Linneus him- 
self, who was, as stated above, a friend 
of Artedi during the latter’s brief 
career. So important were the works of 
Artedi, and so comprehensive for the 
time they were written, that many biog- 
raphers refer to him as the father of 
ichthyology ; and it would seem that he 
well deserves that distinction. 
As gathered together, his works com- 
prise five distinct treatises. First among 
these we find an exhaustive ichthyological 
biography as well as bibliography up to 
| History of Ichthyology. Part 3 | 
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(The 
| MAJOR R. W. SHUFELDT, Medical Corps, U. S. A. 
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his time (Bibliotheca Ichthyologica). 
This is followed by a wonderful and sys- 
tematic treatise on the anatomy of fishes 
and its application to taxonomy (Philo- 
sophia Ichthyologica). 
his Genera Piscium, 
Then he gave us 
in which no fewer 
Portrait of Carl Linne, somewhat past middle age 
than forty-five piscine genera are cre- 
ated, all of which seems to have held up 
to the present time—so accurate were the 
diagnostic differences defined. In his 
Species Piscium we meet with most ex- 
cellent descriptions of seventy-two spe- 
cies of fish, which are quite as scientific- 
ally dealt with as his Genera; and, lastly, 
this remarkable authority compiled a 
great work on ichthyological synonomy 
(Synonymica Piscuwm), wherein we 
meet with a systematic arrangement of 
the works of all previous writers on 
