82 Dr. R. Kossman on the Entoniscide. 
and compared these memoirs, it struck me that those of 
Fraisse and Giard sought to establish certain differences be- 
tween the forms investigated by them and those described by 
Fritz Miiller, differences which, while in themselves of the 
greatest significance, were coupled in a very remarkable way 
with a close agreement in many secondary things. In fact, it 
could not but greatly startle one to learn that, with’ the 
greatest similarity in the form of the head and of the abdo- 
minal part, complete resemblance in the conditions of life, &c., 
our European Entoniscides were hermaphrodites, while the 
Brazilian ones are diecious, and that, of the former, one 
species certainly, like the rest of the Isopoda, possessed 
paired separated brood-leaves, while the rest all possessed 
one or more closed brood-sacs, which, moreover, were on a 
quite unaccustomed part of the body. 
This surprise induced me to make an after-investigation, 
which has proved both statements to be erroneous. The En- 
toniscide examined by Fraisse and Giard have separate sexes, 
and, just like the rest of the Isopoda, carry their ova until 
they hatch, between paired separate brood-leaves inserted 
ventrally on the pereion. But, although this correction 
brings about a very considerable approximation between the 
Brazilian and European Entoniscide, I have nevertheless 
arrived at the opinion that the distinction of two genera is 
indicated. ‘This view is founded only in the second line upon 
the differences of the female forms: for me the difference of 
the males is far more decisive; and, indeed, this compels us 
to retain the old generic name Entoniscus exclusively for H. 
porcellane, but under the new one (I propose Hniione) to unite 
LE. cancrorum with H. Cavolinit and H. Moniezit. 
People will be astonished to hear me speak of the males of 
the last-mentioned forms after such distinguished naturalists . 
as Fraisse and Giard have declared that they sought for males 
with great care upon many specimens, and always im vain. 
I must own that I have found it easy: to detect the males, and 
that I am in possession of a great’ number of them. ‘T'wo 
circumstances probably have prevented the above two gentle- 
men from being so fortunate :—in the first place the compa- 
ratively smaller size of the males, always supposing that the 
relative size of the two sexes of Hntoniscus porcellane, as 
represented by Fritz Miller, was in the minds of the seekers ; 
but also (and this must be the principal reason) the cireum- 
stance that both savants regarded the peculiar sac which 
encloses the parasite as an integral constituent of the latter, 
and did not remove it. ‘To distinguish the transparent little 
_animal, which is scarcely 1 millim. in length, through the 
