92 Dr. R. Kossman on the Entoniscide. 
does not push itself into the intestine, and is destitute of the 
chitinous hairs. The mass of the swelling consists of a paren- 
chymatous connective tissue with nuclei, which is coarsely 
vesicular, especially in the centre. This swelling gradually 
diminishes; and the narrow lumen, which was previously 
crescentiform, becomes in transverse section stellate. The 
folding of the intestinal wall causing this is almost exclusively 
formed by the greatly thickened cuticula. Fraisse’s fig. 7 
reproduces this correctly ; only the body-cavity (Kh) and the 
trabecula of connective tissue or mesenteries (B) that he re- 
presents seem to me to be artificial productions. Neither of 
them exists in my sections. J have also observed a slight 
displacement of the dorsal vessel at this spot ; but it is not so 
strong as Fraisse represents it, and ceases again further back. 
Very soon after the intestine has acquired the above form, 
it enters into communication with the liver. Of this two an- 
terior lobes, each of which again itself forms considerable 
diverticula, have previously made their appearance; but at 
this point they are united into a common cavity, which is 
situated ventrally to the intestine. Giard says (5, p. 689) 
that the intestine terminates cecally, and that the “ supposed ” 
hepatic ceeca open into its anterior part. This is so far in- 
correct, that the intestine is decidedly not continued beyond 
the spot where it communicates with the liver. On the other 
hand, of course he is the more undoubtedly in the right in 
saying that no true rectum (Hnddarm) exists. Fraisse, 
throughout his memoir, gives this name to the hepatic sacs 
themselves; but this is certainly to be rejected. In my 
‘Studien iiber Bopyriden’ I have endeavoured so far to 
excuse this interpretation, which, however, is certainly mor- 
phologically erroneous, by demonstrating that in the Bopy- 
ride the liver probably takes over partially the function of 
the intestine, and applying this also to the Entoniscide: but 
I now find that this application was precipitate; for both the 
above-mentioned peculiar closing apparatus of the middle 
intestine and the constitution of the epithelium of the liver 
render it here very improbable that the hepatic tubes have 
any other than a purely secretory function. Even in the 
parts nearest to the opening into the intestine the cells of the 
epithelium have a peculiar form, inflated towards the end; and 
it is in accordance with this that at this point, immediately be- 
neath the free surface, a drop of secretion is almost regularly 
accumulated in the protoplasm of the cell (Pl. LX. fig. 8). Im- 
mediately beneath the epithelium there is a tunic of connective 
tissue (perhaps also containing some muscular fibres ?), which 
is considerably thicker than in the Bopyride. Close behind 
