Dr. RB. Kossman on the Entoniscide. 93 
the orifice of the intestine the liver divides into two parallel 
sacs, which again bear strong diverticula. Guard (5, p. 690) 
asserts that the ramification of these hepatic sacs is less than 
in Bopyrus; but I must contradict this decidedly, and in 
doing so can appeal to transverse sections, copied by means of 
the camera. All that we can affirm is, that the ramifications 
of the liver of Bopyrus, in accordance with the depressed 
form of the body of the animal, spread out more laterally, and 
consequently are perhaps more striking in the surface view. 
At any rate, Giard has allowed himself to be deceived by 
sectionizing a young animal (his section represented in fig. 7 
is evidently derived from such a specimen). But even in the 
Bopyride the liver in young animals is simply tubular. 
With regard to the apparatus of circulation I have little to 
add to what has been ascertained by F. Miiller, Fraisse, and 
Giard. That the dorsal vessel in an animal with such soft 
integuments and such a colossal temporary growth of parti- 
cular organs, especially the ovary, does not invariably lie in 
the median line need not surprise us. Nevertheless the 
transverse sections drawn by me show that the deviation is 
not very considerable, but confined within narrow limits. A 
little before the vessel reaches the head it divides; and even 
previously it emits a number of lateral branches, which it does 
not appear to me to be necessary to trace. A blood-sinus 
occurs around the ventral nervous cord; this dilates percep- 
tibly behind. Histologically the blood-vessels of the Ento- 
niscidee are distinguished from those of the Bopyride by their 
much stronger walls. 
Upon the nervous system Fritz Miiller has said nothing. 
Giard thinks that there exist only a supra- and an infra- 
cesophageal ganglion; but he admits that his investigations 
upon this point were too imperfect to disprove the existence 
of a ventral cord. TF raisse, in his transverse sections, re- 
peatedly figures the central nervous system in the right spot; 
but gives an explanation of them (p. 19) which, from the many 
vacuoles said to be visible in this organ, must excite some 
doubts. In point of fact, no such things are to be seen in the 
nerve-cells; but the nervous system rather exactly fulfils’ 
histologically one’s just expectations. I trace it as farasa 
little behind the anterior ventral protuberance nearly to the 
female sexual orifice; it has therefore the same extent ag in 
the Bopyride. ‘That it possesses a segmental division is 
shown by the transverse sections, in which it appears some- 
times larger, sometimes smaller. But as the enlargements in 
the transverse sections appear to me to be irregular in dis- 
tance and magnitude, I cannot ascertain the number of the 
