Mr. H. J. Carter on new Sponges. 111 
state, have had no existence but for their keratose chalinoid 
fibre (see Bowerbank’s illustration, /. c. fig. 2), that I also 
should propose the generic term ‘ Chalina ” instead of “ Hali- 
chondria’ for this sponge. 
Let us now turn our attention for a few moments to the 
anchorate (woodcut, fig. 1, a, 6), whose peculiarities demand 
special consideration, for it differs 
considerably from any that have 
hitherto come under my observation. 
Thus it is equiended (‘ equian- 
chorate’’), as stated by Dr. Bower- 
bank in 1866 (/.c.) ; moreover, when 
viewed in front, it presents the 
canoe-shape of this spicule, to which 
I have applied the generic term of 
“ naviculiform ” (fig. 1, a); but when 
viewed laterally (fig. 1, 6) the Fig. 1—Anchorate of Cha- 
crumpled appearance which 7s repre- oe pane, suey an 
i apie nified. a, front view; 6 
sented in Dr. Bowerbank’s illustra-  jyteral view. ey 
tions (/.c. figs. 3, 4, and 5), but not 
the ‘ bifurcate terminations” of the 
anterior arms, although rightly mentioned in both his earlier 
and later descriptions, which are noé illustrated. Lxamining 
it more particularly we find that the term “ siliceo-membra- 
nous,’ used by Dr. Bowerbank, well applies to the whole 
spicule, and hence its “ crumpled appearance ;’’ while others 
of the same kind in other sponges which are stiffer do not 
yield in this way, but maintain their straight navicular shape 
when viewed in all directions. In Chalina palmata, however, 
the shaft of the anchorate is much thinner towards the ends 
(“‘ siliceo-membranous”) than in the middle, which may 
account for its bending up there; it is also alate on both sides 
throughout, the aliform portion being narrow in the middle 
third, and then expanded circularly on each side, after the 
manner of the wing-like appendages of these spicules gene- 
rally ; while the anterior arm or appendage, being obovate, 
leat-like, or petaloid (fig. 1, a), and supported in the centre 
by a process like a midrib extended from each end of the 
shaft, appears, when viewed laterally (fig. J, 0), to be bifur- 
cated, which seems to arise from the extension inwards of a 
process from the midrib, and outwards by an eversion of the 
tree border of this petaloid arm (as is often the case), termed 
by Dr. Bowerbank “ exflected.”” This gives the anchorate of 
Chalina palmata its peculiar appearance, which | have never 
noticed before except in Microciona affinis (from the Gulf of 
Manaar), where the free extremity of the anterior arm presents 
