Mr. H. J. Carter on Spongilla. 363 
Infusoria’ (p. 345, pl. iii. fig. 1), has recognized and repro- 
duced a sketch which I made in the month of April 1855 
(from a colony of organisms*‘on a filament of Cladophora) as a 
“Salpingeca”’ or a “Monosiga”’ of his order Choano-flagel- 
lata, upwards of ten years before these remarkable Infusoria 
were first brought to notice in the late Prof. H. James-Clark’s 
memorable paper (Memoirs Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. vol. i. pt. 3). 
Again, in the month of February 1855, at pp. 99 and 101 
of this “ journal,” I find the discovery of the “ starch-granule ”’ 
in Spongilla (\S. Meyent) not only described, but figured and 
coloured under the effect of iodine, which I did not mention 
publicly until the following year (‘ Annals,’ February, 
vol. xvii. p. 106), and did not delineate for publication until 
1859, when I endeavoured to show the close alliance in 
structure and composition that exists between the “ seed-like”’ 
body of Spongilla Cartert and the winter-egg of the polyzoon 
Lophopus (‘ Annals,’ vol. iii. p. 331, pl. vii. fig. 7). 
Also again, at p. 77 of the first volume of this “journal,” on 
the 12th August, 1854, I find sketches of the monociliated 
sponge-cell (spongozoon) with the supposed zoosperm at- 
tached to it, as represented in the ‘ Annals’ of August 1856 
(vol. xvii. pl. vi. fig. 43)—but with the two then-called 
“ ear-like processes” or ‘‘ spines”’ to which I have alluded 
(‘ Annals,’ November 1879, vol. iv. p. 382), these having been 
omitted in the published figure because I was not certain of 
their general occurrence until 1859 (2b. vol. i. p. 14, pl. 1. 
fies, 12-14), after which they were identified (under a higher 
power probably) with the outlines of the “collar” by Prof. 
H. James-Clark in September 1867 (op. cit. p. 21, footnote). 
It is the absence of the “collar” or these “ ear-like pro- 
cesses ’’ in the supposed zoosperm and their presence in the 
sponge-cell (spongozoon), together with the much smaller size 
of the former and its spherical head, that appear to constitute 
the outward differences between the two, all of which, excepting 
the ‘“ ear-like processes” (which were not known then), may 
be seen in Lieberkiihn’s figures of the monociliated sponge-cell 
and the zoosperm respectively from Spongilla in 1856 (Archiv 
f. Anat. Physiologie &c., Heft iv. Taf. xv. figs. 34 and 36); but 
no one since seems to have confirmed this publicly, while the 
sperm-cell in the marine sponges has often been figured, and 
in all instances without the “collar.” Accompanying my 
sketches are the following notes, viz. :—“ The above drawings 
of the Spongilla-zoosperm were very distinctly seen, particu- 
larly no. 1 [Pl]. XVI. fig. 8, 5], a transparent cell with a single 
granule in contact with the wall. No. 2[Pl. XVI. fig. 8, a] 
was also monociliated, but larger and more granuliferous ; it 
