Bibliographical Notices. 407 
cell; and on posterior wings this line is seen to be abruptly 
broken and deflexed near bases of first and second median ner- 
vules ; on under surface this appears much more distinctly ; the 
basal curved line which crosses the cell in C. detone is also 
broken and looped in C. Cantori. 
Eixpanse of wings 68 millim. 
Hab. Malay Peninsula; Province Wellesley. 
This species will be figured in ‘ Rhopalocera Malayana.’ 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 
Synopsis of the Classification of the Animal Kingdom. By Henry 
Autryne Nicnotson, M.D. &c. 8vo. Blackwood: Edinburgh 
and London, 1882. 
Dr. Nicno1son appears to be indefatigable in the production of edu- 
cational works on zoology and paleontology. The book now before 
us makes no pretence to originality of treatment; it is, in fact, an 
illustrated synopsis of the classes, orders, and principal families of the 
animal kingdom in close accordance with the classification adopted by 
the author in his well-known ‘ Manual of Zoology,’ and is intended by 
him to serve chiefly as a sort of memorandum-book, to which the 
student may refer to get a general view of the relations of the 
various groups of organisms. For this purpose it seems to be ex- 
ceedingly well fitted: the classification adopted reflects very fairly 
the present views of zoologists in general; and in several cases, 
where considerable differences of opinion exist, the author has briefly 
discussed the questions still unsettled, and indicated the changes of 
classification which would be necessitated by the adoption of views 
opposed to those which have guided him in his arrangement of the 
groups. The most important of these little discussions is to be found 
under the head of the Sponges, which Prof. Nicholson treats as a class 
of the Protozoa distinct from, but most nearly related to, the 
Infusoria, and as possibly holding an intermediate position be- 
tween the Protozoa and the Metazoa, with the latter of which certain 
zoologists, following Leuckart and Hickel, would place them. This 
intermediate position is that which the late Prof. Balfour was in- 
clined to assign to the Sponges on embryological grounds, and taking 
it as demonstrated that the “ gastrula” of the sponge proceeds from 
a true fecundated ovum; but many good observers, including the 
most recent writer on the subject (Mr. Sayville Kent), hold that the 
ovular nature of the reproductive body in question is by no means 
proved ; and to this opinion our author is inclined to adhere. 
The woodcut illustrations, of which there are a great number, es- 
pecially of the lower Invertebrata, are for the most part exceedingly 
good. They are generally taken from the figures published by 
