476 Miscellaneous. 
These numbers must of course be regarded only as provisional ; 
but the main point, namely that Norway west of the Fjeld has a 
much smaller number of species than Norway east of the Fjeld, will 
certainly hold good. The author indicates the agreement of this 
with the results indicated in Speyer’s well-known work on the geo- 
graphical distribution of the Lepidoptera of Germany and Switzer- 
land, according to which the number of species decreases pretty 
uniformly towards the west and north-west—that is, towards the 
coasts, a phenomenon explicable by the cooler and moister summers 
of the coast regions as compared with the warmer and more sunny 
summers of the continental regions, which are far more favourable 
to the development of the Lepidoptera, and especially of the Rhopa- 
locera and other light-loving species. 
The investigation of the Scottish Lepidoptera gives a farther con- 
firmation of these results. According to Dr. Buchanan White’s 
“‘ Lepidoptera of Scotland” (‘Scottish Naturalist,’ 1872, &c.), Scot- 
land possesses only 39 known species of Rhopalocera, against the 47 
of Western Norway, which shows the action of the humid insular 
climate in reducing the number of species of this heliophilous group. 
Only 25 species are common to both regions, the following 21 species 
occurring in Norway west of the Fjeld not having yet been observed 
in Scotland :—Papzlio machaon, Aporia crategi, Leucophasia sinapis, 
Polyommatus virgauree and hippothoé, Lycena argus, optilete, 
eumodon, argrolus, and semiargus, Vanessa c-album, Melitea dic- 
tynna, Argynnis pales, lathonia, and niobe, Hrebia lappona and ligea 
(said to have been found, but the statement is more than doubtful), 
Pararge mera and hiera, Syrichtus serratule, and Hesperia comma. 
On the other hand, we have in Scotland the following five species, 
hitherto observed in Norway only east of the Fjeld—Colzas edusa, 
Zephyrus quercus, Argynnis papa, Pararge megera, and Syrich- 
tus malue; and the following eight species not yet found in Norway 
_—_Nemeobius lucina, Vanessa polychloros (cited in the ‘ Knumeratio ’ 
as Norwegian, but doubtful), and V. 7%, Meltewa aurinia, Erebia 
epiphron and ethiops, Epinephile tithonus, and Hesperia thaumas. 
Of Sphingide (including Sesiide and Zygznide) Scotland has in 
all 25 species, among which are all the West-Norwegian species 
except three, namely Sphinx pinastri (said to be found - near Kdin- 
burgh, but doubtful), Sesia spheciformis, and Zygeena lonicere. 
The Scottish Bombycide number 69 species, including also all 
the Western Norwegian forms but 3, namely Ocneria dispar (?), 
Pygera curtula (the larvee of both species are said to have heen 
found, but this is uncertain), and Lasiocampa ilecfolia. 
The 200 species of Noctuee recorded for Scotland include all the 
West-Norwegian species except 8, namely Acronycta auricoma, 
Agrotis grisescens, Dianthecia proxima, Hadena lateritca and polyo- 
don, Amphipyra pyramidea, Xylina furcifera, and Toxocampa pasti- 
num; and the 184 Scottish Geometre also include all but 13 of the 
Western-Norwegian species, namely :—Jodis putata, Acidalia inca- 
nata, Gnophos sordaria, Pygymena fusca, Lythria purpuraria, Lygris 
dictyides, Cidaria quadrifasciaria, unangulata, vespertaria, and ob- 
