ON THE CIRCULATION OF UNDERGROUND >V.\ TERS. 



89 



ticukrs of which I have not as yet been able to find time to procure, it 

 necessitating a visit to Crewe, where the cores are preserved. 

 The following is the journal of the Winwick boring : — 



ft. 



Moss 



Fine while sand 



Fine-grained sandstone 

 r Coarse compact sandstone, \v:tl 

 . ' millet seed ' grain and red mar 

 [_ band 



Shaly marl . . 



Fine-grained (L.M.) sandstone 



Hard sandstone . 

 „ f Sandy marl 

 "'\Marl 



Calcareous sandstone . 



Marl 



Large-grained sandstone . 



Marl 



Soft white sand . 



Soft brown sand. 



Red sandstone . 



Mottled grey marl 



Dark mottled marl . 



Hard brown sandstone 



Brown marl 



Variegated marl 



Marl 



Limestone .... 



Marl 



IJmestone .... 



Compact limestone 



/ 



•1 



ft. in. 



28 S}^"^"^^- 



1)7 5 



45 1 



9 6 



19 



10 



2 



12 



26 6 



18 



6 



22 



31 



11 

 11 \ 



8 6 



5 



4 



4 



12 ; 



11 



3 



!) 



4 



New Red Sand- 

 stone, 310ft. 6 in. 



Upper Coal- 

 measures, 

 33 ft. 6 in. 



37 feet of 

 limestones. 



The dip of the Pebble Beds in the neighbourhood is to the south-east 

 and south, at low angles. In Nos. 1 and 2 shafts the strata consist of soft 

 red moulding sand without pebbles, very easily worked. No. 3 shaft 

 exhibits characteristic Pebble Beds, the current planes being covered with, 

 dark mica ; the rock is hard and contains pebbles. No. 4 shaft, near the 

 Spa Well, also is in undoubted Pebble Beds, thongh moderately hard, but 

 contains many pebbles. 



A drift, or level, is being di'iven to this shaft from the pumping 

 station 1200 yards distant, which will doubtless throw much light on the 

 structure of these sandstones. A powerful spring of water was met with in 

 No. 4 shaft, at a depth of abont 90 feet from the surface. 



The level of the Parkside wells of the North- "Western Railway v\ill be 

 about 110 feet, that of Winwick pumping station 125 feet, that of the Spa 

 Well about 96 feet, that of the Dallam Lane Porge well about 43 feet. 

 Between Golborne and Parkside the Pebble Beds occnr dipping east; 

 from Parkside to Spa Well they continue, but gradually change their 

 direction of dip to south-east, as is well seen at Middleton Hall Quariy, 

 near Spa Well. Had not this change of strike taken place the base of the 

 Pebble Beds would have cropped out north of Winwick, instead of which 

 they occupy a considerable tract around Golborne, and the thickness of 

 triassic strata at Parkside would have been much less than at Winwick, 

 1^ miles to the sonth, the strike of the rocks nearly coinciding in direction 

 with a line drawn between the two wells. 



Between the Winwick pumping station and Dallam Lane Forge, 



