158 KEPORT— 1880. 



IX. Exteiisions of the Inquiry. 



It has been urged upon the Committee by Major-General A. L. Fox 

 Pitt-Rivers that they ought not to neglect any of the more important 

 measurements used by anthropologists, the utihty of which is well 

 established. ' The facts which it is the object of the Committee to deduce 

 concern the influence on race ; first, of heredity, and, secondly, of external 

 causes. Anthropometry may be divided under the three heads : size, form, 

 and colour. Of these, the Committee have as yet taken cognizance only 

 of size and colour, except so far as the collection of photographs may be 

 regarded as bearing on form ; but as the study of physiognomy is not yet 

 reduced to a system, no statistics can be derived from these. Of the three 

 headings, size, form, and colour, as tests of race, colour is generalhr 

 allowed by anthropologists to be the most important because the most 

 persistent, form the next, and size the least important, because all animals 

 are able to increase in bulk through good living, whereas this cause has 

 less influence on colour and form. Of the various measurements relating 

 to form, head form, especially the cephalic index, seems the most 

 important, for the following reasons : — it is universally employed, easily 

 obtained, ample data for comparison already exist, it can be obtained from 

 living subjects as well as skulls, it is useful not only as a test of race, but 

 also in its bearing upon intellect.' General Pitt- Rivers therefore proposed 

 that the greatest length and greatest breadth of head should be added to 

 the subjects inquired for by the Committee. The Committee propose that 

 this should be done in future years. 



The Committee have had before them also a paper by Dr. Mahomed 

 relating to useful extensions of the inquiry to medical subjects in cases 

 where the observers are duly qualified medical men. Upon these sug- 

 gestions they propose also to act hereafter. 



X. Photograplis. 



The collection for publication of photographs of the typical races of 

 the Empire has been again enti-usted to a sub-Committee, of which 

 Mr. Park Harrison has been so good as to act as convener. Their report, 

 prepared by him, is subjoined. 



' Durino- the past year about 400 photographs have been received by the 

 Committee, mostly from Wales, the Shetland Isles, Morayshire, North 

 and South Arran, Cornwall, East Norfolk, Worcestershire, and the more 

 remote parts of Kent and Sussex. A certain number have been arranged 

 on sheets of cardboard for more ready comparison. 



' The photographs from Shetland, taken in full face and profile for the 

 Committee at the expense of Mr. Brace, the owner of tJnst Island, are of 

 considerable value. They comprise the porti-aits of fourteen individuals 

 belono-ino- to families who have inhabited the islands as long as there are 

 any records ; and they still, in several cases, retain their original Scan- 

 dinavian names. 



' The portraits from Moray and Arran, with others from difierent parts 

 of Scotland, were presented by Dr. Muirhead. 



' The Welsh photographs, obtained by Mr. Harrison, represent the 

 darker race in the Principality, and assist in the recognition of kindred 

 types which appear to exist, with more or less mixture, in various dis- 

 tricts in England; for example, at Brandon, in Norfolk. Several portraits 



