ON OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE CHIEOPTERA, ETC. 185 



agrees very well, for Popayan is situated on an elevated plain in the Andes, 

 6000 feet high. 



If, then, specimens of this species have really come from such very 

 distinct and distant zoological regions, and exhibit so few differences, 

 it becomes evident that we must consider the Oriental representatives 

 of this species described under the names Vesperugo morel ax, Ptrs., V. 

 pulverafus, Ptrs., and V. austenianus, Dobson, as a distinct species, which, 

 although agreeing remarkably in general structure and even in the colour 

 of the fur with V. maurus, differs in its conspicuously greater size (forearm 

 1""6) in the very shallow emargination in the upper half of the outer 

 margin of the ear-conch, in the considerably less degree in which the 

 extremity of the tail projects from the interfemoral membrane, and in the 

 much greater development of the first upper premolar, which, although 

 the second premolar is also clcse to the canine, may be seen without 

 difficulty from without. 



In an interesting paper,' Sgnr. E. Regalia has noted the variations 

 presented by about thirty individuals of this species collected in Northern 

 Italy. His observations may with much advantage be attended to by 

 those who are inclined to found species on slight differences in structure 

 and colour. Among many other important differences noted by this 

 observer the variability in the general measurements, and in the size and 

 presence or absence of the first upper premolar may be especially referred 

 to here. In his table of measurements the length of the forearm (of which 

 I had given the average measurement as 1*35 inches) is shown to vary 

 from about 1*28 to 1"45 inches. Also both first upper premolars were 

 found in ten individuals ; in three the first premolar was present on the 

 right side only ; while in one this tooth was absent on both sides. 



Vesperugo brunneus. 



Vesj}ertiffo {Vet^erus) hrunneus, 0. Thomas, 'Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist.' Aug. 1880, 



p. 165. 



Muzzle broad and flat above, the grandular prominences well-developed, 

 increasing its width. Ears slightly shorter than the head, with broadly 

 rounded-off tips, outer margin of the conch faintly convex, angularly 

 emarginate opposite the base of the tragus, the terminal lobe elongated ; 

 tragus reaching its greate.st width above the middle of the inner margin, 

 obliquely truncated above, inner margin straight, outer margin almost 

 parallel to it, with a small triangular basal lobule. 



Wings from the base of the toes ; post-calcaneal lobe well-developed ; 

 tail wholly contained within the interfemoral membrane. 



Fur, above and beneath, dark-brown. 



Outer upper incisors minute, barely one-third the height of the large 

 unicuspidate inner incisors ; no minute first premolar. Lower incisors at 

 right angles to the direction of the jaws. 



Length (of an adult female) : head and body l"-8 inches, tail l"-35, 

 head 0"-6, ear 0"-55, tragus 0"-2, forearm l"-33, third finger 2"-27, 

 fifth finger l"-6, tibia 0"-5, foot 0"-85. 



Hah. Old Calabar. Type in the collection of the British Museum. 

 Distinguished from V. capensis by its unicuspidate upper incisors ; from 

 V. maurus, not only by the absence of the minute upper premolar, but 

 also by the tail being wholly included vrithin the interfemoral membrane. 



' Alcune variazione e particolarita osservage nel Vesperugo Savii Bonap. nota di 

 E. Regalia. R. Instituto Lombardo, 25 Apr. 1878. 



