574 EEPORT — 1880. 



of the limestone. If any of tliese ravines be examined, it will he seen that the 

 tributary caves open on their sides, and in some cases the ravine itself is abruptly 

 terminated by a cavern, 



4. On the site of a Palceolithic Implement Manufadonj, at Crayford, Kent. 



By F. C. J. Spureell, F.G.8. 



The remains exhibited were found by Mr. Spurrell in March last in the chalk 

 pit half a mile north-east of Orayford Church. The flakes and bones associated 

 with them were found under a deposit of brick earth, lying against an ancient chalk 

 cliff of the river Thames, about forty feet below the present surface of the ground. 



They consist mainly of waste flakes, flakes used at the broad end, an imfinished 

 hache, cores, and stones employed as hammers. From the fact that the edges are 

 sharp, that the chips belonging to individual blocks of flint lie together and can be 

 joined to one another, and that they lie in a layer together with the finest chippings 

 scarcely mixed with the sand, it is clear that the work was carried on where the 



debris lay. 



The blocks of flint were derived from the weathering of the chalk cliff", and 

 were not mined ; they were of a very inferior quality ; and probably it is to this 

 piece of luck, and the consequent excess of waste material, that the find was not 

 overlooked. 



Portions of the bones of mammoth, tichorliine, rhinoceros, horse, &e., lay 

 amono- the flakes and immediately upon them, and present the appearance of having 

 been broken by man— perhaps for food. 



5, On the Hiatus said to have heen found in the rocJcs of West Corh. 

 By Gr. H. KiNAHAN, 3I.Ii.I.A., Pres. Royal Geological Society, Ireland. 



The author gave a table of the classifications of the Cork rocks — 

 Gripfith. Jttkes. Htjli. 



f, ■, -n ^ . I Carboniferous slate. 



Carboniferous slate. Carboniferous slate. j Coomhoola grits. 



Yellow sandstone. Upper Old Red sandstone. Kiltorcan beds. 



Old Red sandstone. Lower Old Red sandstone. "1 Glengariff" beds 



Silurian. Glengariff grits. J (Silurian). 



from which it was seen that Griffiths' and Jukes' classifications were essentially 



similar while Professor Hull's was materially different ; the difference being greater 



than at first appears from the nomenclature employed. 



He pointed out that the supposed hiatus rested on the statements of Professor 

 Hull all of which were reviewed. The _first series of statements was that the 

 hiatus in the neighbourhood of Kenmare and Glengariff bays was found by Messrs. 

 O'Kelly and McHenry ; but the first of these geologists contradicts this, while the 

 second declined to give an opinion. The author then pointed out that the Glengariff 

 section in which this ' great hiatus ' is said to exist, was Jukes's type section, to 

 which he brouo-ht Professor Ramsay and Salter on their visit to the country, and 

 by which he taught bis assistants, Messrs. Foot, O'Kelly, and the author, the 

 classification of the West Cork rocks. The second series of statements was con- 

 cernino- well-known unconformabilities ; but as these are outside the limits of the 

 area occupied by the West Cork rocks, they prove nothing in connection with 

 them. The third set of statements was that the plotting of the folded and flexuous 

 strata proved unconformabilities. These the author showed to be only conven- 

 tional lines, which are explained by the published sections and writings of Jukes 

 and his coUeao-ues. The fourth statements were abrupt changes from one of 

 Professor HuU'l groups to the others. This the author showed could not be 

 correct as the Carboniferous slate graduated so imperceptibly into the Yellow 

 Sandstone, and the latter into the Old Red Sandstone, that the respective boundaries 

 are most arbitrary, and depend only on the colours of certain beds. 



