TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION C. 589 



Clarence King. Volcanic material is still present in tlie Carboniferous rocks on the 

 49th parallel. 



The oldest land has been that of the Gold Range, and the Carboniferous deposits 

 laid down east and west of this barrier difler widely in character. The Carboni- 

 ferous closed with a disturbance which shut the sea out from a great area east of 

 the Gold Range, in which the red gypsiferous and saline beds of the Jura-trias were 

 formed. In the Peace River region, however, marine triassic beds are found on both 

 sides of the Rocky Mountains. 



A great disturbance, producing the Sierra Nevada and Vancouver ranges, closed 

 the Triassic and Jurassic period. The shore line of the Pacific of the Cretaceous in 

 British Columbia lay east of the Coast Range, and the sea communicated by the 

 Peace River region "with the Cretaceous Mediterranean of the great plains. The 

 Coast Range and the Rocky Mountains are probably in great part due to a post-Cre- 

 taceous disturbance, though the last-named range existed before the Cretaceous 

 period in the Peace River region. 



No Eocene deposits have been found in the province. The Miocene of the 

 interior plateau is probably homologous with that of King's Pah-Ute lake of the 

 40th parallel. In the Pliocene epoch the country appears to have stood higher above 

 the sea-level than at present, and during this time the fiords of the coast were 

 probably worn out. 



5. On the Post-Tertiary and more recent deposits of Kashmir and the Upper 

 . Indus Vallexj. By Lt.-Col. H. H. Godwin-Austen, F.E.8., F.G.S., ^c. 



■ 1. Tertiary and Karcwa Deposits of Kashmir. Describes the Tertiary (Pleis- 

 tocene) Hirpur Series on northern flank of the Pir Panjal, and gives measured 

 section showing the changes of conditions that were going on during their deposi- 

 tion. Div-ides the post-tertiary Karewa deposits into an older series (Islamabad), 

 and a newer in the low-level terraces toward Baramula. The successive lacustrine 

 deposits of Kashmir owe their origin apparently to the gradual elevation of the 

 gneissic axis of the Pir Panjal and Kajnag ranges to the south and south-west, which 

 axis crosses the main drainage line of the Jhelum below Baramula. 



2. Alluvial deposits of Skardo. Gives measured section of a portion of the above 

 deposits near Kepchuu, and shows the existence of two periods of glacial conditions 

 in the Himalayas. 



3. Laeustmie deposits of the Indus Valley. That from time to time the valley 

 of the Indus has presented at different portions of its course a precisely similar 

 appearance as we see now in the Pang-Kong Lake. That the coarse u-regularly 

 stratified gravels of Mulbi, Kiurbo, &e., are older than the fine stratified silt 

 of the Indus, near Lamayiu-u, and that they bear the same relation to them as 

 those of the Ohang-chingmo do to the Pang-Kong valley lacustrine beds. 



4. Glacial action. On the very probable extension of glaciers from the Kajnag 

 Range as far down as the Jhelum valley. 



The absence of striae marks on rocks in parts of the Himalayas that were once 

 subjected to ice action, is no proof that such glacial conditions never existed ; 

 greater denudation than in Europe, and the greater distance in time, having oblite- 

 rated such record and altered the valley sections. 



6. Notes on the occurrence of Stone Implements in the Goast Laterite, south 

 of Madras, and in high-level gravels and other .formations in the South 

 Mahratta Country. By R. Bruce Foote, F.G.S., of the Geological 

 Survey of India. 



The author, after alluding to the area over which these chipped implements were 

 knowTi to occur in the Coast Laterite, when he read a paper to the Geological 

 Society of London, in June 1868 (which area extended from the Palar river near 

 Madras, nearly to the Kistna river), and pointing out that no such implement had 



