590 EEPOKT — 1880. 



then been found south of the former river, proceeds to enumerate various localities 

 within the Coast Laterite areas south of the Palar, in which he had been success- 

 ful in discovering implements. He shows that as the material, quartzite, used in 

 the more northerly parts is not found south of the Palar river, the southern 

 makers had recourse to various other materials, generally chert, sometimes 

 granular quartz rock of gneissic age. The presence of implements artificially made 

 remains as then the sole positive proof of the existence of man. The new localities 

 yielding implements are : 1. Ninniyur, 40 miles N.E. of Trichinopoly, in talus- 

 debris of the WodiarpaUiam Laterite plateau. 2. Vallam, 7 miles south-west of 

 Tanjore, several large flakes in situ in lateritic conglomerate. 3. Shuragudi, 16 

 miles south of Pudu-kotai, a large rude hatchet in lateritic debris close to the 

 boimdary of the great Shah-kotai laterite plateau. 4. Madura, in a coarse lateritic 

 shingle-bed, apparently an outlier of the Sivaganga laterite area, several rude oval 

 implements. Besides the above the author obtained a chert flake knife with one 

 edge serrated, from a river gravel newer than the laterite at Tripatur in Madura 

 district ; also from the surface, associated with scattered lateritic debris, a chert- 

 flake of arrowhead shape, and a well-shaped core of chert, believed to be the first 

 of its kind found in South India. 



The author then describes certain high-level, partly lateritic, gravels of flu\-ia- 

 tile and lacustrine origin in the basins of the CTatprabha and Malprabha tributaries 

 of the Kistna in the South Mahratta coimtry, which yielded large numbers of fine 

 quartzite implements of several types : — 



Lastly, the occurrence is mentioned of weU-shaped implements, chiefly of the 

 pointed oval type, and made of hard siliceous limestone, in a great talus of lime- 

 stone and Deccan trap blocks, cemented by calcareous tufa into a great breccia 

 conglomerate. This occurs along the foot of the hills north of the Kistna, and 

 west of Soorapoor, in the Nizam's territory. These implements were found washed 

 out in gullies. 



7. On the Fre-Glacial Contours and Post-GIacial Denudation of the North' 

 West of England. By C. E. De Range, F.G.S. 



The coimtry described is that lying between the Silurian mountains of North 

 Wales and the Lake District, and bounded east by the Carboniferous hills of the 

 Pennine chain. The plains of Lancashire and Cheshire lying at their feet are 

 deeply covered with Glacial drift, reaching in one instance, near Ormskirk, a thick- 

 ness of no less than 230 feet. The deep valleys of the Lake District had attained 

 theu- present proportions before the Glacial epoch, during which the lake-baains 

 were excavated — in the case of Windermere to a depth of 2.30 feet, or deeper than 

 the English Cliamiel between Boulogne and Folkestone, the bottom of the lake 

 being 100 feet beneath the sea-level. In the valleys of the mountain country the 

 mariae Glacial deposits are not present, having been re-excavated out by later 

 glaciatiou, where originally present. In Lancashire, Cheshire, and Flintshire the 

 marine drift occupies an extensive area, and valleys like those of the Ribble and 

 the Irwell„nearly 200 feet in depth, have been excavated in and through them. 

 Occasionally the bottom of the valley is beneath the sea-level, pointing to the land 

 being higher in pre-glacial times. A terrace of post-glacial deposits fringes the 

 glacial area at, and often below, the sea-level, consistmg of peat, with a forest at 

 the base, resting on a marine post-glacial deposit. The peat bands are found beneath 

 the sea-level to an extent, in one case, of about 70 feet, and it was pointed out that 

 an elevation of this amount would connect Lancashii-e, Cheshire, and much of North 

 Wales with the Isle of Man. 



