TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D. DEPT. ANTHROPOLOGY. 623 



are now indicated. The arrow-head prevails, and assegai-heads of a light character, 

 adapted for throwing, such as the 'Pondas,' 'Gaikas,' and 'Galekas' of to-day 

 employ, preponderate. The small arrow-heads of chalcedony are very broad and 

 often minute, and evidently were adapted to the use of poison to supplement their 

 eifect. 



War-cluhs are abundant, but no other form of polished weapon is found. 

 Mullers and mortars for preparing roots, gi'ain, and paints are seen, and the char- 

 acter of the life led seems to be identical with that now followed by the Korannas 

 and other tribes allied to the Bosjesmen, inhabiting those districts in which relics of 

 this age abound. 



The Pottery of this development is coarse in shape, design, and manufacture, and 

 very devoid of ornament. It is traceable from the highlands, Overberg, at the 

 Diamond Fields southward till the Cape of Good Hope is reached ; through the 

 Overberg, Berg, and Cape districts, but is not found where the third period is 

 developed. 



The Jifth and last period only differs from the preceding one in the perfection 

 of the workmanship of the implements found in the Cape deposits. It presents the 

 same aspect in pottery and types of weapons. The essentially local occiu-rence of 

 this period only on the Cape Flats, points to a sudden improvement in the know- 

 ledge of worldng in stone, which seems only to be explained by the supposition 

 of an ingraft of a race, which landing at Table or False Bays, there located their 

 personal acquaintance with stone-fashioning, acquired among their own people • 

 in another clime. 



2. Oil an Ancient Settlement found about 21 feet beneath the surface of the 

 l^eat, in the coal-bog near Boho, county Fermanagh. By Thomas 

 Plunkett, M.U.I.A. 



This interesting discovery consists of the remains of two log-huts found in 

 a primitive crannoge 21 feet beneath the peat. The depression now filled with 

 peat was a lake-basin at the period the island and log-huts were constructed. 

 Shell-marl was found a few feet below the crannoge, also in various places in the 

 bog where the peat had been cut to any great depth. The crannoge measured 

 10 by 14 yards, The more complete hut was 6i feet wide and about 7^ long, 

 inside measurement. 



Its framework consisted of four massive posts of oak at the corners. An oak 

 beam or thick bar passed through each pair of posts. Oak plank, about seven 

 feet long, rested at each end on the beams and formed the floor of the hut. The 

 sides of the structure were supported by large logs of oak pUed on each other 

 horizontally. Fragments of oak plank were found partly burnt; it is supposed 

 the roof was destroyed by fire. 



Flint implements, hand-made pottery, and other objects were found in con- 

 nection with the huts, but no metal of any kind. 



A large stump of pine was found in situ above the level of the floors of the 

 huts, and had in its rootlets charcoal and kitchen-midden debris. The author is of 

 opinion that the huts were formed before the age of bog pine, as no pine occurs 

 below the level of the site on which the huts stood. The fact that 21 feet of dark 

 compact peat had grown since the structures were formed is substantial evidence 

 of their great antiquity. 



3. On the Stntcttire of Round Barrows. By Professor G. Rolleston, 



M.D., F.B.8. 



On the' Structure of Long Barrows. By Professor G. Rolleston, 



M.D., F.B.S. 



