626 BEPORT — 1880. 



or in the eifigies of kings and heroes after the date of Alexander the Great, when 

 numismatists inform us that the natural features came to be represented in Greece. 

 It was added, however, in the paper alluded to, that the feature in question was 

 not to be considered, on this account, as merely ideal. Skulls from Palmyra and 

 ancient Thebes show that people existed who partially possessed the peculiarity ; 

 and numerous sepulchral monuments, and terra cottas from Tyre and Aradus in 

 the galleries of the Louvre as well as one from Sidon in the British Museum, which 

 it can scarcely be doubted were intended to be likenesses, appear to point to the 

 race subsequently called Phoenician as the one possessing the feature in question. 



This identification has been since carried a step further. The effigies on the 

 Carthaginian coins show unmistakably, in the African character of the lips, the mix- 

 ture of blood in the Punico-Phoenician or Carthaginian race ; and undoubtedly 

 helps to prove that the straight line of forehead and nose, also observed in these 

 coins, had its deiivation from Tyre. The same prominent lips are also met with 

 on some of the coins of SicUy ; and the peculiarity exists amongst the Moors at the 

 present day, who are believed to be a race composed of Carthaginians and Berbers, 

 whose profile, in like manner, shows the same straight line as the Phoenicians. 



In Egypt, an examination of the frescoes from its early tombs, so carefully copied 

 in Rosellini's great work, shows that amongst the more cultivated ranks, especially 

 the officials, the feature is continually met with. And Egyptologists inform us 

 that the people who occupied the Delta, long before Phoenicians were known by 

 that name, were much employed by the native dynasties, and it is probable navi- 

 gated their sea-going ships, the native Egyptians having, it is well known, a dread 

 of the sea themselves. 



Certainly the feature in question is found to have been portrayed in Egypt long 

 before it was represented in sculpture and in terra-cotta statuettes in Greece, and 

 is even seen in the fresco of one of the gods of Egypt, copied byRosellini (pi. Ixvii). 



Doubt has been felt whether any human cranium ever existed without a hollow 

 or indent beneath the brow-ridge ; but it is sufficient if an abnormal slope in the 

 forehead co-exists with a straight nose ; the muscles that stretch from the brow- 

 ridge to the nasal arch would then complete the feature. 



Exceptionally straight profiles, it should be mentioned, have been noticed in 

 Attica, the coasts of Asia Minor, and some of the Greek islands. And there are 

 two crania from ancient Athens, in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons 

 that contrast strongly with a number from that locality, and other parts of Greece, 

 in the same museum. It has been assumed, as in the case of the skulls from Thebes 

 in Egypt, that these are Phoenician, since they have the heavy brow-ridges and 

 slightly receding foreheads that appear to have been characteristic of the race. 

 Consequently it may be that the people who have been noticed with the straight 

 line of profile, as still existing, are descendants of Phoenician settlers. They are 

 met with precisely where traces of that remarkable race might be found, and that 

 even at Athens, where they occupied a quarter of their own. 



4. On the British Flint-workers at Brandon. By J. Pakk Harrison, M.A. 



At the last meeting of the Association Mr. Skertchly expressed a strong belief 

 that the Brandon Flint-works had been in continuous operation from neolithic 

 times to our own day ; the demand for ' strike-a-lights ' alone, in all probability, 

 keeping the art of flint-knapping in action, though flint implements for other pur- 

 poses also, agricultural and domestic, may have been in requisition long after iron 

 came into general use ; more especially in the neighbourhood of factories. In the 

 Orkneys, it is credibly reported that flint knives are still preferred to steel for paring 

 apples. 



As it appeared likely, if the art had been kept up in the manner supposed, that 

 it would have been confined to certain families, and so have tended to perpetuate 

 racial characteristics, a visit was made, soon after the Sheffield Meeting, to the 

 locality of the works at Brandon, when it was at once apparent that the flint- 

 knappers and their families, as well as a large portion of the general population of 



