ON THE ERRATIC BLOCKS OF ENGLAND, WALES, AND IRELAND. 187 



near Windy Hill, about two miles S.E. of Kendal railway station; but I 

 once saw one high up on the side of Grayrigg Fell, north of Grayrigg 

 Tarn, which lies a good deal farther east. 



The chief boulders still in their original position are the following : 

 Several on SpitalWood; one near the Kendal reservoir ; one or two on the 

 Castle Hill, Kendal ; the one near Windy Hill ; one on the east side of 

 Helm ; some boulders of granite and of the altered rock surrounding the 

 granitic area near the footpath by Murley Moss to Oxenholme ; one in a 

 drift bank cut through by the canal near Larkrigg ; several in the fields 

 east of Stainton ; others near the footpath from Stainton to Sedgwick ; 

 one on the top of a drift hill, half a mile due west of Sellet Hall ; several 

 near Hincaster ; some in front of a farm house at Wath Sutton. I have 

 also found granite boulders on the roadside between Natland and Helm, 

 at the inns near Helm End, and in a field a quarter of a mile west of Storth 

 End, and on the road half-a-mile N.E. by north of Storth End, and at 

 the bend of road east of Milnthrop station, besides in many other places, 

 which it would be tedious to mention. 



Boulders of the dark compact altered rock that surrounds the granitic 

 area are generally found along with the granite boulders. 



When the localities where granite boulders occur are marked on a 

 map, the steady lineal north and south direction of their course is very 

 striking. 



Boulders of the ordinary volcanic rocks of the Lake Mountains indicate 

 other directions for the ice-flow ; thus a large boulder of volcanic breccia 

 from the Lake Mountains may be seen lying on the side of the Sedbergh 

 road, about two and a half miles out of Kendal, and east of the line of 

 granite boulders. As the granitic area of Shap Fells is at the extreme east 

 end of the volcanic rocks, this boulder must have crossed the line of flow 

 along which the granite boulders travelled. Amongst noteworthy boulders 

 is a monster boulder, by the natives designated by the undignified term 

 of a "cobble," of volcanic ash in the beck course at Stainton, measuring 

 9x0x4 feet, or 216 cubic feet. 



The distribution of boulders on the bare limestone fells in the neigh- 

 bourhood of Kendal is in some particulars remarkable. Thus, on Farleton 

 Fell, a conspicuous hill of bare limestone on the east side of the Lancaster 

 and Carlisle Railway, there are very many large limestone boulders lying 

 on glaciated surfaces, and often having pebbles and small boulders of Upper 

 Silurian rock beneath them. Some of these limestone boulders, too, are 

 standing on edge with their planes of stratification vertical or highly 

 inclined, so that there can be no doubt about their being true boulders. 

 On the same fell there are, as already stated, many small boulders of 

 Upper Silurian rock ; but I have met with no boulders of volcanic rock^ or 

 of granite on this fell. Unfortunately I could find no good scratches to 

 show the direction of the ice-flow ; but, considering the great size and 

 number of the limestone boulders, and the smallness of the Upper Silurian 

 ones, I should be inclined to think the ice came from the N.W., in which 

 case it would traverse a great extent of limestone country, and the Upper 

 Silurian rocks that were the origin of the boulders would be several miles 

 distant ; and this transport of boulders probably took place while the 

 adjacent limestone area was free of drift, and therefore before the trans- 

 port of the granite boulders, which, as being found in the drift that now 

 covers the low ground N.W. of Farleton Fell, belong to the time of the 

 deposition of this drift. 



