TRANSACTIONS OF SECTION D. DEPT. ANTHROPOLOGY. 583 



5. On the Evils arising from the use of Historical National Names as 

 Scientific Terms. By A. L. Lewis. 



The propositions endeavoured to be established by the author were: (1) That 

 there were at the first population of Europe certain primitive races, (of which three 

 were particularly described) ; (2) that these races are so mixed at the present day that 

 representatives of them appear not only in most European nations, but in the same 

 families, and among children of the same parents ; (3) that notwithstanding this 

 mixture, and the effects which it must permanently have, racial characters display 

 an astonishing permanence ; (4) that this mixture, being so slow in its effects, and yet 

 having become so general, has probably been at work for a very great length of 

 time, so great that the peoples to whom the earliest history of Europe introduces U3 

 were probably nearly as much mixed as those of the present day ; (5) that it is de- 

 sirable to discontinue the use of the political names of those peoples as ethnic names, 

 and to employ others based on the physical characteristics of the individual ; (6) 

 that while physical characteristics are the only basis for a true division into races, 

 yet in any practical application of this division the influence upon individuals of 

 different races of a community of language, custom, history, or tradition must not be 

 lost sight of, although these things do not prove community of race, but only the 

 contact at some time or other of the races to whom they are. now common. 



6. On some American Illustrations of new Varieties of Man. 

 By Professor Daniel Wilson, LL.D. 



7. On the Courses of Migration and Commerce, traced by Art Belies and 

 Religious Emblems. By J. S. Phene, LL.D., F.8.A. 



In this paper references were first made to some remarkable sculptures of the 

 oldest historical notice, existing in the mountains of Asia Minor, particularly the 

 " Niobe " of Homer, on Mount Sipylus, and the Sesostris figure at Nymphio, and 

 subsequently, to the various colossal and other rock-hewn sculptures in the Sporades 

 and Oyclades, having affinity, by similarity of style, to those of Asia Minor. It was 

 then mentioned that according to Strabo, tradition showed that the religion of this 

 part of Asia Minor was transferred to the south of Gaul, in the ancient city of Mas- 

 silia, now Marseilles, and thence consequently it spread over the west of Europe. 

 That this religion brought with it the idea of the colossal in representation, which 

 probably accounts for the ancient colossal figures in Brittany and Britain, and the 

 love for the colossal still found over the. whole of that part of France lying between 

 Marseilles and Brittany, the old route of tin traffic between Britain and the Medi- 

 terranean. Still existing Phoenician customs were referred to on the same route, 

 and then references were made to some discoveries on this route, and in the south 

 of Britain and the south of Ireland, which tended to.tlie conclusion that the articles 

 discovered were introduced by Oriental, probably by Phoenician traders. One of 

 these was a sculptured human head in the exact style of Assyrian art, as found at 

 Nineveh, and which was discovered some slight distance under the surface on the 

 estate of the Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, in Devonshire, who had drawn the attention 

 of the author of the paper to it, and furnished him with a photograph. Another 

 was a bronze mask or head found in a bog in the south of Ireland, near the Galtee 

 mountains ; it was the property of Lord James Butler, by whom the particulars and 

 a photograph were furnished to Dr. Phene with a request that he would give his 

 attention to the matter, and throw what light he was able on the subject ; and to 

 which, in response to such request, the author had devoted much time and research. 

 This bronze represented the head of a cow, and had a close resemblance to the head 

 found by Dr. Schliemann at Mycenae, which he identified as the head of Hera. 

 The latter relic was minutely examined by Dr. Phene at Athens, every facility 



