108 BIRDS Of TENASSBBIM. 



The legs, feet, and claws are black, apparently at all ages; the 

 irides iu the adults are wax yellow, but oil yellow in the 

 younger birds. In the old adults the facial skin and the base 

 of the lower mandible are a deep, but rather dull blue ; in some- 

 what younger birds it is a paler blue ; in the next stage, pink, 

 tinged with blue, and in the youngest bird pink. 



In the oldest adult the bill is perfectly black, except the ridge 

 of the casque, and a slight mottling of a pale dull green at the 

 bases of both mandibles. 



In the youngest birds almost the whole of both mandibles 

 are of this dull horny green color ; only on the upper mandible 

 there is a large patch of horny black on either side just in front 

 of the casque, and behind this the sides of the upper mandible 

 and casque are a duskier horny green than elsewhere. 



It is only, as far as I can judge, in the old adult males that 

 there is any clear separation between the casque and the upper 

 mandible ; in these there is a groove running away from the 

 nostrils which serves to divide casque and mandible. But this 

 seems to be wanting in the younger males and even in an 

 apparently very old female ; similarily it is only in the oldest 

 males that there is any marked step on the culmen 

 indicating the termination of the casque ; in the old 

 female, casque and culmen run together in one unbroken 

 curve. 



The adult male has the whole of the head, neck all round, 

 breast, upper and middle abdomen, and a few of the vent feathers, 

 a patch on the under side of the wing just below the wing- 

 let, broad tippings to primaries and secondaries (except the 

 first two primaries) and the entire tail, white — the feathers 

 of the head having a creamy tinge ; the rest of the bird dull 

 black, with greenish reflections on the feathers of the wings ; 

 there is just a trace of a white tipping to some of the primary 

 greater coverts. 



A somewhat younger male differs only in having a black 

 line along either side of the shafts of the two central tail 

 feathers on their basal halves, in wanting the white patch at 

 the carpal j oint, in having the white tippings of the primary 

 greater coverts a little better marked, and in having the middle 

 and upper abdomen mottled with black. 



Younger birds have the whole breast and neck all round 

 more or less mottled with black, have some of the feathers of the 

 crest tuft black shafted, the tippings to the primary greater 

 coverts much larger, and the whole of the tail feathei's black, 

 broadly tipped with white. 



In the youngest of all, the rump, the whole of the greater 

 and median wing-coverts, and the winglet a rich warm auburn 

 brown ; the outer webs of most of the quills and the lateral 



