114 BrliDS OF TENASSEKIM. 



one fold is said to form on the bill, to which another is added 

 the second year, another the third, and so on until six, or possi- 

 bly seven, may be counted, but the seventh appears to be always 

 imperfect, and it is quite clear from our specimens that, after 

 six or seven plications have been formed, the number never 

 increases — the ones nearest the point of the beak dropping off 

 as fresh ones are formed posteriorly. Our specimens seem 

 to show this very clearly. 



Typically the basal portion of the sides of both mandibles 

 in this species are smooth, but some specimens show faint traces 

 of wrinkles just at the base, but this is very different from the 

 conspicuous ridges observable on the bases of the bill of 

 undulatus, in which species even in the youngest specimen that 

 we have obtained, one very distinct wrinkle, at any rate, is 

 apparent. 



The following are dimensions and a description of this 

 species : — 



Male.— Length, 34 to 35'25 ; expanse, 53 to 56 ; tail, 10-75 to 

 12 ; wing, 15'8 to 17 ; tarsus, 2-2 to 2'3 ; bill from gape, 7*0 ; bill 

 from posterior margin of casque along culmen to point, 7*5 to 

 8-0 ; height of upper mandible and casque, at middle of cas- 

 que, 1*75 ; weight, 3'75 lbs. 



Female (a rather small bird.) — Length, 30*0; expanse, 48 , 0; 

 tail, 9'0 ; wing, 14'5 ; tarsus, 2*1 ; bill from gape, 5"62 ; from 

 posterior margin of casque, along culmen to point, 6*4. 



In both sexes the legs, feet, and claws are black ; the irides 

 light red ; eyelids fleshy pink ; in both sexes the chin, the bases 

 of the lower mandible, and the throat are bare ; in the male 

 this gular skin is a vivid turmeric yellow; in the female a 

 clear pale blue ; both sexes want the imperfect black band 

 across these parts that characterize the similar parts in 

 undulatus. The bills are a very pale yellowish white, generally 

 strongly tinged with brownish red on the sides of both mandi- 

 bles at their bases ; the posterior plait of the casque is also 

 generally tinged with the same color ; the ridges of the casque 

 are rather yellower than the rest of the bill, and the furrows 

 are a dirty brownish black, as if filled with dirt. 



The female has the tail white ; the whole of the rest of the 

 plumage black ; the upper surface strongly glossed with green 

 (in some specimens somewhat purplish) reflections. 



The feathers of the occiput somewhat disintegrated and 

 developed into a full crest. 



The male differs in having a line from the nostrils round 

 the posterior margin of the casque, a broad line across the 

 crown, and the occipital and nuchal crest a deep maroon 

 brown ; the rest of the forehead and crown, ear-coverts, sides 

 and front of the neck, a pale fulvous or golden yellow, with 



