BIRDS OF TENASSERIM. 383 



Females.— Length, 10-5 to 11*35; expanse, 15 5 to 16-5 ; 

 tail from vent, 4'5 to 5 ; wing, 5*18 to 5*5 ; tarsus, 1*2 to 1'25 ; 

 bill from gape, 1*26 to 1"37 ; weight, 3"25 to 3-75 oz. 



In both sexes the legs, feet, claws, and bill are black ; the 

 eyelids dark brownish black ; the irides are reddish brown, 

 varying from a rhubarb brown to a litharge red. 



The occiput is adorned with an immensely long flat crest ; 

 the two longest and broadest feathers of which vary from 3 to 

 8*5 inches in length, the next longest feathers being from 1'25 

 to 1*5 shorter. 



In life this crest is carried perpendicularly upright from the 

 head, giving the bird a most remarkable appearance. 



The entire head, neck all round and crest, black, washed a 

 little on the forehead, crown, and throat by a deep brown slightly 

 olivaceous shade. A conspicuous spot of white feathers just 

 above the posterior angle of the eye ; a similar but much smaller 

 and less conspicuous one in a corresponding position below the 

 angle of the eye. A broad white color on the sides of the neck, 

 not quite meeting on the nape, and much the broadest on the 

 sides of the neck immediately behind the ear-coverts. 



The entire mantle and rump deep brown, almost black in some 

 lights, with a faint olivaceous shade. The earlier quills hair brown, 

 growing successively darker till the inner webs of the later 

 secondaries and tertiaries are almost blackish brown; all the 

 quills margined and the outer webs of the secondaries and ter- 

 tiaries overlaid with the olivaceous shade already described. 



Tail feathers black ; breast, abdomen, vent and lower tail- 

 coverts deep sooty brown, almost black, but still a duller and 

 browner color than the throat, and sides of the head. 



The wing-lining and axillaries similar, blacker towards the 

 edge of the wing, where a few of the feathers are narrowly mar- 

 gined with white. 



The youngest bird that we have obtained, which, despite its 

 long crest, is clearly a nestling, has the head and crest a dull black, 

 the shorter crest feathers broadly tinged towards their ends, and 

 the two longest feathers narrowly tipped with ferruginous brown. 

 The mantle and back are all overlaid with a dark rusty brown 

 tinge ; the wings are similarly, but even more _ strongly 

 tinged, and there is a' warm rusty buff spot at the tips of the 

 greater coverts, and a trace of the same at the tips of the se- 

 condaries. The throat is greyish black, very narrowly and 

 obsoletely barred with white ; the rest of the lower surface is 

 dark slaty grey, irregularly but closely barred with white, in 

 many places with a buffy tinge ; several of the feathers of the 

 breast just at the base of the throat have a buffy ferruginous 

 tinge; the white collar feathers are perfectly pure in color, 

 but the exterior ones are delicately fringed at the tips with black, 



