278 LIST OF BIRDS IN MANIPUR, 



(some do not show a trace of this) more or less margined on the 

 outer webs with brownish or rusty fulvous, or yellowish brown, as 

 the case may be. About half or a little more of the outer tail 

 feather white, diagonally arranged, so that on the outer web the 

 white extends nearly to the base, while as a rule the brown 

 extends on the inner margin of the inner web to within about 

 three-fourths of an inch of the tip. But the amount of white varies 

 much in different specimens, and while many have the tips pure 

 white, many have a brown shaft stripe or irregular patch at and 

 near the tip. 



In some specimens the axillaries, wing-lining and inner mar- 

 gins of the quills are all pure white ; in some the axillaries are 

 pure pale yellow, and in a few the wing-lining is more or less 

 tinged with this colour. 



In rather younger males, the crown is distinctly striated with 

 black, the throat is yellow, the breast mottled with this colour, 

 and a dusky line is visible running from the lower edge of the 

 lower mandible on each side down the sides of the throat ; the 

 sides and flanks are browner and more strongly striated. 



In a less advanced specimen the black in the mature bird is 

 replaced by blackish dusky ; there is a slight brownish cast on the 

 well striated crown ; the whole lower surface is pale yellow, only 

 the breast a little streaked with greyish green, and there is just 

 a trace of the pale supercilium. 



Males younger than this seem precisely like the general run of 

 females. These have the whole cap unicolorous with the back 

 (which varies in tint much as in the male) and streaked like it 

 with blackish brown, sometimes as broadly as the back, sometimes 

 much more narrowly ; there is no black round the base of the bill 

 or eyes ; the lores and ear-coverts are brown, the latter generally 

 bounded by a darker band or line of spots, and there is as a 

 rule a broad conspicuous, at times somewhat buffy, yellow band 

 from the nares over lores, eyes and ear-coverts. But, strange to 

 say, some specimens show barely a trace of this, as I noted in 

 the fresh birds, though otherwise differing little. The chin is 

 usually whitish ; the rest of the lower parts yellow, commonly less 

 pure, and paler than in the adult male ; the whole breast is faint- 

 ly shaded with brownish grey or greyish green, or intermediate 

 tints, rarely with a faint fulvous tinge in it, and is narrowly 

 streaked or spotted in some with dark brown, and from the lower 

 ridge of each ramus of the lower mandible a dark brown line, 

 or line of spots., runs down each side of the throat, dividing 

 off a band of yellow on the cheeks and is lost in the breast 

 streaking. The rest of the bird is like the nearly adult male, 

 and varies in tints as does this. In other females, old ones 



