193.] MATHEWS—LANGUAGES OF NEW SOUTH WALES. 251 
tional forms of spelling have been incorporated, to meet the 
requirements of the Australian pronunciation, as follows: 
As far as possible, vowels are unmarked, but in some instances 
the long sound of a, e and w are indicated thus, 4, é, tu. Ina few 
cases the short sound of w has been marked thus, wt. 
G is hard in all cases. # has a rough, trilled sound, as in fhe 
English word ‘‘hurrah!’’ W always commences a syllable or 
word. 
Vg at the beginning of a word or syllable has a peculiar nasal 
sound. At the end of a syllable or word it has substantially the 
sound of zg in the English word “ sing.’’ 
The sound of the Spanish fi is frequent; at the beginning of a 
word or syllable I have given it as zy, but when terminating a word 
the Spanish fi is used. Yat the beginning of a word has its ordi- 
nary consonant value. 
Dh is pronounced nearly as z# in the English word ‘‘that,’’ with 
a slight sound of @ preceding it. JV/ has also nearly the sound of 
th in ‘‘ that,’’ but with a slight initial sound of the z. 
T is interchangeable with @, p with 4, and g with 2. 
Zy and dy at the commencement of a word or syllable have 
nearly the sound of the English 7, or the Spanish ch; thus, dya or 
tzya closely resemble ya or cha. At the end of a word or syllable zy 
is sounded as one letter, closely approaching the ¢ch in the English 
word ‘‘catch,’’ but omitting the final hissing sound. 
In all cases where there is a double consonant, each letter is 
enunciated. 
THE ANEWAN LANGUAGE. 
The remnants of the Anéwan tribe are scattered over the southern 
half of what is known as the ‘‘ table-land’’ of New England, in- 
cluding Macdonald river, Walcha, Uralla, Bendemeer, Armidale, 
Hillgrove and other places. 
ARTICLES. 
The indefinite article, a, is not represented, but the demonstra- 
tive pronouns, in their numerous modifications, supply the place of 
the definite article, as ‘‘ this man,’’ ‘‘ that woman,’’ ‘‘ yonder hill.” 
The English adverb, Here, in its several native forms, is frequently 
treated as a demonstrative, and is then also a substitute for the 
definite article. 
