1903.] ASHMEAD—HUACOS POTTERIES OF OLD PERU. 3838 
teries, which I was myself trying to get possession of. There is not 
a pottery with deformed face now in Peru which can be bought. 
Leipzig has the market for them cornered. The finest collection 
of these pots, however, can never be obtained, as it belongs to a 
woman who will not sell. She has a thousand specimens, of which 
she has promised me photographs. 
I also had Dr. A. Bastian, Director of the Royal Museums of Ber- 
lin, go over his collection of mummies and pots in Dr. Edward Seler’s 
American Department, for evidence of pre-Columbian diseases. 
But in none of all the mummies I examined, or caused to be exam- 
ined, was there found even atrace of the disease which M. Virchow 
claimed was represented on some of the huacos potteries. M. 
Virchow argued against me for five years in the Berlin Anthropo- 
logical Society. He believed himself able to recognize on those 
potteries signs of leprosy. In these discussions Dr. Leopold 
Gliick, of Sarijivo, Bosnia, and Dr. Armauer Hansen, of Bergen, 
Norway, stood with me in concluding that they did not represent 
leprosy, for the hands and feet were never shown to be diseased, as 
would have been the case with lepers. I finally proved to the sat- 
isfaction and recorded acceptance of the anthropological world that 
those representations were really only what is shown still further by 
the evidence of these five Trocadero potteries which I reproduce 
here, and that is, that syphilis and lupus occurred together in the 
same individual. This opinion has been now concurred in by the 
authorities of the Smithsonian, of the Museum de la Plata of South 
America and by the Spanish authorities, because on these potteries, 
as on the others which have been critically examined, there is 
shown the upper lip retracted or destroyed, a character which is 
seldom if ever seen in leprosy; the faces, too, of these pots never 
present tubercles, tubers or the appearance called leontiasis (Zom- 
face), which belongs to tubercular leprosy, and which surely would 
have delighted the old Peruvian artists to depict inclay ; but, most 
important of all, the hands of all the pottery subjects are always . 
represented intact and perfect, while in lepers they are so often mu- 
tilated. Those artists of old Peru conscientiously would never have 
neglected the horrible appearance of tuberculation of the face or 
the clubbed and clawed hands of a leper. It would have pleased 
them beyond measure to picture such deformations on the anthro- 
pomorphous image supposed to'represent the sou/ of the individual 
buried.. Those little gems of human representation were true im- 
