884 ASHMEAD—HUACOS POTTERIES OF OLD PERU. [Nov. 20, 
ages of the departed, and they would not have made them false. 
Amputation of hands was never represented on a pot, because arti- 
ficial hands were necessary to carry the drinking water to the lips. 
On not one single pot anywhere in the whole Museum world{is 
there represented a mutilated hand or a tuberculated face. This 
in itself is conclusive evidence that leprosy was wo¢ pre-Columbian 
in America. 
These potteries of the Trocadero offer more perfect signs yet in 
favor of syphilis and of lupus representations; those multiple 
lesions of the nose are characteristic of syphilis, or of syphilis and 
lupus combined. 
If there is any doubt of it, it is not in favor of leprosy but off 
lupus, as is shown in the subject Fig. 4. Even this subject derived 
from the Museum de la Plata, with retraction of the skin of the 
face, might equally be afflicted by lupus. 
A last argument is furnished us by an examination of the thou- 
sands of pre-Columbian bones of American graves. Not one offers 
a leprous lesion, as we find them represented in the graves of the 
cemeteries of the ‘‘ Madeleines’? of France, where are found the 
little bones of leper hands as if me/fed away to a fine thread, but 
never so in ancient American graves. Quite a number of the Amer- 
ican bones from ancient American graves, undoubtedly pre-Colum- 
bian, on the contrary, are syphilitic. 
We all must admire the dexterity of those old, Peruvian artists, 
who have given us such good representations of the ulcerative 
lesions of these diseases. 
Besides the evidences of an ‘eating disease’’ on the faces of 
these clay vessels of the graves of Old Peru, there are a number 
which appear as if the nose and upper lip had been cleanly cut off 
with a knife. 
Here is a photograph of one such, which Prof. Bastian, of the 
Royal Museum of Berlin, kindly sent me (Fig. 6). There are 
others with this same exhibit in the Bandelier Collection of the 
American Museum of Natural History, New York. 
Mr. Wilhelm Von den Steinen, to whom the original of this pot 
belongs, says: ‘‘It is from Chimbote. The tip of the nose and the 
upper lip are ered the cheeks ‘ flown out’ and furrowed with 
wrinkles orscars.’’ I submitted this photograph, after Prof. Bastian 
had sent it to me, to Dr. Hansen, of Bergen, Norway (the discoverer. 
of the leper-bacillus), and he replied that ‘‘ it did not present signs 
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