386 ASHMEAD—HUACOS POTTERIES OF OLD PERU. [Nov. 20, 
quite to the contrary, no such disfigurement of pre-Columbian 
remains up to this time has been found in any Museum of the 
world. I have searched all over for such and without success. 
Moreover, had there been lepers in pre-Columbian Peru, they surely 
would have gone to those baths along with the luposos and syphili- 
tics. Only the syphilitics could have been cured, while the luposos 
and lepers, being incurable without surgery, would have died there. 
Thus the absence of leper remains from the graves of Ancon is 
double proof that leprosy did not exist in pre-Columbian Peru. 
In determining in some of these representations of diseases on 
these ancient potteries what disease each one is, it must not be over- 
looked that even in the living subject the diagnosis between 
leprosy, syphilis and lupus is sometimes most confusing to a physi- 
cian and even to a trained leprologist. This is especially true 
when the patients belong to degenerate or dying-out races. How 
much greater then must the difficulty be to dctermine the identity 
of one of these diseases whose representation was carved on the 
face of a small clay image by an artist who was not a medical man. 
We must observe, moreover, that in the representation of a disease 
on the clay figure of a man, intended to record what belonged to 
the corpse, and to be forever buried with it as its ‘* double?’ or 
soud, the failure to show in that clay figure a mutilation of fingers or 
toes or tuberculation of face, the most usual deformities of leprosy, 
should indicate to us that the disease which the handicraftsman had 
illustrated was not leprosy at all but some other disease. 
There is a specimen of ancient Peruvian pottery in the Royal 
Museums for Ethnology in Berlin which I have figured in the 
American Journal of Cutaneous Diseases. These photographs orig- 
inally were given to me by Prof. Bastian, of the Berlin. Museum. 
It is the figure of a man, apparently-a dwarf, whose skin is covered 
with tuberculous lumps. The question is, What does it represent ? 
And, more especially, does it afford any proof of the existence of 
either syphilis or leprosy in ancient Peru? It is quite clear that 
the artist has copied from some living subject, and we have at any 
rate offered for our inspection'a very early delineation of the dis- 
ease. This pottery is probably a thousand years old. 
Jonathan Hutchinson, F.R.S., of London, to whom I submitted 
the photograph, argued with me that there is no reason ‘to consider 
the disease leprosy, for the man is scratching very vigorously and. 
clearly has no anesthesia of the skin, which would belong: to him 
