'‘ 
392 ASHMEAD—HUACOS POTTERIES OF OLD PERU.  [Noyv. 20, 
well-known word ‘‘ teococolitzli,’’ which was applied to leprosy and 
to skin diseases generally! Mr. Jiminez de la Espada gave the 
question a new turn, that he did not believe that leprosy nor ele- 
phantiasis (its variety) had been of pre-Spanish origin in Peru; 
there were no documentary proofs known to him which supported 
such opinion, and he was not in accord with the opinion of Carras- 
quilla, Bastian and Middendorf, who thought they treated of 
criminals and beggars. He claimed that they did not apply muti- 
lations of the body as punishment, unless death was intended to 
follow them, and that there were no beggars at all among the 
Incans, due to their social order so perfect. According to his 
judgment, these vessels, or better said these votive figures, repre- 
sented a disease special to Peru, an endemic variety of tuberculo- 
sis (‘‘ llaga’’ or ‘‘ hutta—uta’’). Mr. Espada knew only one note 
in the old literature which refers to mutilations of the lips and the 
nose. ‘‘ The reyezuelos 6 caracas of the Isle of Puna mutilated 
in this way their eunuchs, for the purpose of making them unattrac- 
tive to the concubines.’’ Zarate relates it (Wistorre de la decou- 
verte et de la Conguete du Perou, translated from the Spanish of 
Augustin de Zarate by S. D. C.; first Vol., Paris, by the Com- 
pagnée des Libraries, M.D.CC.XLII, with the privilege of the 
King, page 25): ‘‘Le Seigneur de cette isle (de Puna) était fort 
crainte et fort respecte par ses sujets, et si jaloux que tous ceux qui 
étoient commis a la garde de ses femmes, et méme tous les domes- 
tiques de sa maison, étoient eunuques; et on coupoit non seule- 
ment les parties qui servent a la generation mais pour les defigurer 
on leur coupoit aussi le nez.”’ Oviedo says that the lips also were 
sometimes amputated. Herrera mentions no mutilation. Nor do 
Rivero and Tschudi (Antigiiedades peruanas, Vienna, 1851). Bas- 
tian (Die Culturlinde des Altes America, Berlin, 1878, Tom. 1, 
P- 593) says the same as Oviedo, that ‘‘ they also amputated the 
nose and lips, so that they would not present a seductive appear- 
ance.’’ 
Prof. Virchow formulated his judgment, saying that he neither 
believed that they treated of punished criminals, because it was not 
related in the literature. Besides there exists statues of wood’ of 
prisoners, derived from the Isla Chincha (Guana isles); two are 
well preserved, one great and the other small. The great one 
is on foot, the little one is represented as a truncated body. On 
V (See Virchow, Verhandlungen, 1873.) 
