6 C. W. M. Poynter 



It may arise from the subclavian, Hyrtl (i860), Liviiii (1903) ; 

 or from the common carotid, Quain 41:292, Dubrueil (1847) 4 

 cases, Barkow (1850), Parmentier (1850), Reinhardt (1850), 

 Isaacs (1855) 2 cases, Bajardi (1874), Embleton (1872), Potherat 

 (1889), Cavazza (1897), Livini 9 per cent., Poynter 7 per cent. 

 It may arise by a common trunk with the lingual, Barclay (1812), 

 Bajardi (1874), Livini 1.5 per cent. I have not observed this 

 condition, but have seen a common trunk for the thyroid, lingual, 

 and ext. maxillary quite similar to that of Thomson (1884) ; Livini 

 considers this rare, not having encountered it in 400 observations. 

 It has been reported as a branch of the external maxillary by 

 Anderson (1879) and variations of its branches observed by 

 Arnold (1838), Chassaignac (1840), Cruveilhier (1843), Gruber 

 (1845), Dubrueil (1847), Hyrtl (1859), Walsham (1880). 



A. Pharyngea Ascend ens 



Its origin shows wide variations; Livini finds it in conjunction 

 with the occipital in 13 per cent., Quain 14 per cent., Poynter 15 

 per cent., and from the internal carotid in 6 per cent. I have not 

 seen this latter condition. The ascending palatine is frequently 

 spoken of as a branch of the ascending pharyngeal and I have 

 found this arrangement in 10 per cent. In such cases the artery 

 takes a course external to the constrictor muscle and a tonsillar 

 branch from the external maxillary takes the course usually fol- 

 lowed by this vessel. The ascending pharyngeal may be large and 

 occupy a superficial position. Streets (1872), Farlow (1886), San- 

 derson (1887), Parker (1887), Foucher (1896), Griffin (1896), 

 Paquin (1896), Demme (1902), Dienlafe (1906). Miiller (1871) 

 reports a branch to the hypophysis and Embleton (1872) a double 

 artery. 



A. Lingualis 



It may originate from the common carotid, Barclay (1812), 

 Bajardi (1874), Neuberger (1912) ; or from the external carotid 

 with the superior thyroid, 1. c. ; or with the external maxillary, 

 Haller (1747) 7: 50, Quain 61 : 302, Livini 25 per cent., Dall'Acqua 

 (1900) 20 per cent., Poynter 15 per cent.; or in common with the 

 ascending pharyngeal, Livini .5 per cent. 



