Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 9 



supplies the dorsal aspect of the masseter. I found it present in 

 slightly more than 75 per cent., Livini 40 per cent., and Dall'Acqua 

 (1906) in 75 per cent. 



A. M axillaris Interna 



The artery runs more frequently external to the external ptery- 

 goid, 54 per cent., Thompson (1898), Long (1890). It may be 

 crossed by the inferior alveolar nerve, 3 times, or the maxillary 

 vein, Guy's Hosp. Repts. (1873). The superficial temporal may 

 arise from it, Haller (1747), or a connection may be made between 

 it and the superficial temporal, Joessel (1878), Turner (1878), 

 Kalantaroff (1887), Delitzin (1890), Groenroos (1901). It may 

 arise from the external maxillary, Quain, Hyrtl (1859), Delitzin 

 (1890). 



The deep temporal, masseter, and buccinator vary in origin, rela- 

 tions, and anastomoses, Gruber (1852), Krause (1868), Gronroos 

 (1901). The infra-orbital may terminate in the canal, penetrate 

 the orbit and anastomose vi^ith the ophthalmic, furnish the superior 

 labial, Lauth (1833), Schlemm (1830), or furnish the angular, 

 Gruber (1849&), Dall'Acqua (1906), Poynter 3 times. 



A relation between the middle meningeal and the ophthalmic is 

 shown by the anomalies. The middle meningeal may furnish an 

 accessory branch to the ophthalmic, Blandin (1834); supply the 

 entire trunk, Krause (1841), Tiedemann (1846), Dubrueil (1847), 

 Curnow (1873), Musgrove (1892); or supply the lachrymal 

 branch, Haller (1753), Bell (1797), Murray (1798), Barkow 

 (1866), Curnow (1873), Walsham (1880). Curnow also reports 

 a case in which the ophthalmic supplied the middle meningeal. 

 Anderson (1880) describes a large palatine branch springing from 

 the middle meningeal, and other variations are reported by Rocher 

 (1899), Meyer (1913), Malagazzi (1914). Alexander (1899) 

 and Bien (1907) report persistence of the stapedial artery. 



A. Temporalis Supcrficialis 



It shows great variation in its distribution; Grote ("1901) has 

 made a statistical study of its distribution. An early division of 

 the artery has been reported by Bardeleben (1894). Parietal 



