Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins ii 



was confirmed with the microscope by Meissner (1857) and Wall- 

 man (1858), and with the ophthalmoscope by Zehender (1857). 

 Few of the cases reported as persistent consist of fvmctioning ves- 

 sels, but of cords and small threads attached to the retina or lens. 

 DeBeck has pointed out that this condition must not be confused 

 with an anomalous course of the centralis retinae, which the cases 

 of Leibreich (1871), Little (1875), Schapringer (1873), Czermak 

 (1882), Cullan (1875), Reiban (1876), Fournot (1880), Hersh- 

 berg (1881), Hunek (1885), Frost (1887), and Bondi (1899) 

 undoubtedly are. It is difficult to estimate the percentage of per- 

 sistence of the artery or its remnants, but Cullan (1875) found 

 3 cases in somewhat less than 500 colored children examined. The 

 following reports have been collected : 



Miiller (1856), Messiner (1857), Saemisch (1863), Zehender (1863), 

 Wecker (1865), Laurence (1866), Becker (1868), Mauthuer (1868), Stil- 

 ling (1868), Cowell (1869), Manz (1870), Berthold (1871), Liebreich 

 (1871), V. Oettengen (1871), Kipp (1873), Nettleship (1873), Schap- 

 ringer (1874), Rieban (1874), Webster (1874), Cullan (1875), Brailey 

 (1876), Noyes (1876), Schmidt (1877), Haab (1878), Badal (1880), 

 McHardy (1880), Bayer (1881), Carreras (1881), Gardiner (1881), 

 Holmes (1881), Little (1881), Rumszewicz (1881), Berger (1882), Ever- 

 busch (1882), Fuchs (1882), Galezowski (1882), Seely (1882), Streatfield 

 (1882), Ulrich (1882), Snell (1883), Dimmer (1884), Lang (1885), 

 Remak (1885), Carter (1886), Derbierre (1886), Haenel (1886), Picque 

 (1886), Reuss (1886), Hess (1888), Magnus (1887), DeSchweinitz 

 (1888), Despagnet (1888), Felser (1888), Meyer (1888), Randall (1888), 

 Sulzer (1888), Tangeman (1888), Hasbrouck (1889), Pangeman (1889), 

 DeBeck (1890), Fuchs (1890), Risley (1890), Belofif (1891), Price (1891), 

 Williams (1891), Pulvermacher (1892), Mitvalsky (1893), Carson 

 (1895), Lopez (1895), Deyl (1896), Giinsburg (1899), White (1896), 

 Giles (1897), Terrien (1897), Claibonne (1898), Marlow (1898), Zent- 

 mayer (1898), Hirsch (1899), Silcock (1899), Zentmayer (1899), v. 

 Duyse (1902), Flemming (1902), Peserico (1902), Alexander (1903), 

 Eason (1903), Jerussalemski (1904), Shoemaker (1906), DeVriese (1908), 

 Renault (1909), Green (1912), Bowes (1913), Killick (1913), Nelson 

 (1914). 



Circulus Arteriosus (Willisi) 



Since so many of the variations of the terminal rami of the in- 

 ternal carotid are reported under the circle of Willis, it is easier to 

 consider all of these variations under this head. DeVriese ( 1904) 



