Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and P^eins 15 



the subclavian and the internal mammary may be a branch of it. 

 There is some confusion in terminology, but the vessel described 

 as the accessory internal mammary, the lateral internal mammary, 

 and internal thoracic seems to be this vessel, Heister (1730), 

 Tiedemann (1822), Quain (1844), Hodges (1858), Hellima 

 (1862), Hyrtl (1873), Walsham (1880), Paterson (1883), Car- 

 rington (1883), Stricheisen (1886), Souligoux (1894), Morestin 

 (1894), Hepburn (1899), Bean (1904). 



A. Thyreoid ea Inferior 



The vessel shows great variation in origin and the disagreement 

 between different studies is so great that it seems unnecessary to 

 arrange the different results for reference. In my series it was 

 absent in i per cent., arose as a separate trunk from the subclavian 

 in 12 per cent., and from the common carotid in 2 per cent. 

 Dwight (1888) found it very inconstant in its relation to the re- 

 current laryngeal nerve. I have twice seen it pass in front of the 

 common carotid after originating from the thyrocervical trunk. 

 Livini thinks that the great number of variations have their coun- 

 terpart in the lower animals. Variations are reported by the fol- 

 lowing : 



Barclay (1812), Quain (1844), Hilleret (1845), Broca (1850), Barkow 

 (1851), Isaacs (1855), Luschka (1862), Bankart (1869), Carver (1869), 

 Todaro (1877), Anderson (1879), Woefler (1879), Coues (1880), Carring- 

 ton (1883), Kocher (1883), Rotter (1885), Onadi (1886), Dwight (1888), 

 Shepherd (1889a), Brady (1891), Macalister (1892), Varaglia (1890), 

 Thomson (1890), Delitzin (1899), Shimonek (1902), Bean (1904), Meoni 

 (1904), La Rocca (1906), Pellegrini (1906), Neuberger (1912), Jenny 

 (1911), Casali (1912). 



A. Cervicalis Ascendens 



This artery has been considered as a branch of the inferior 

 thyroid by some authors. Bean studied and figured it, but did not 

 give it a separate discussion. Pellegrini found it present in 99 per 

 cent, and as a branch of the thyroid in 85 per cent. He pointed 

 out that, while it tended to combine with some other vessel in 

 origin, it was slightly more constant than the thyroid. I found it 

 present in all cases examined, and when the inferior thyroid arose 



