Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 21 



superficial brachial described by Bayer (1893) for monkeys; it 

 was recognized by Haller as the vasa aberrentia. In these cases 

 when the superficial brachial persists it terminates in the upper part 

 of the radial, the ulnar, or the distal part of the brachial trunk. 

 Cases by : 



Ludwig (1767), Miinz (1821), Quain (1828), Green (1830), Cruveilhier 

 (1834-5), Demeaux (1843), Quain (1844), Tiedemann (1846), Gruber 

 (1852), Carver (1869), Gruber (1870), Pye-Smith (1871), Foltz( 1872), 

 Davies-Colley (1873), Charles (1874), Bankart (1874), Dean (1880), 

 Shepherd (1880), Collins (1886), MacKay (1889), Mauclaire (1895), 

 Carson (1895), Schwalbe (1898), Breme (1899), Lawrence (1900), 

 Peronny (1902), Miiller (1903), Farrari (1903), Herrington (1905), 

 Galinos (1907), Pohlman (1908-9), Fontan (1911), Svenson (1916), 

 Poynter 9 cases. 



Group I, B. The profunda has dropped out and the superficial 

 brachial has persisted as the single trunk of the arm. Chassaignac 

 (1834), Cruveilhier (1835), Dubrueil (1847), Gruber (1852), 

 Duval (1853), Blazina (1844), Schwegel (1859), Bourgery 

 (1836), Schwalbe (1898), Muller (1903). 



Group II, A. The brachial is double and the superficial brachial 

 continues as the radial. This condition is generally known as high 

 origin of the radial and is the most common of all the arm anom- 

 alies. As Muller has shown, developmentally the superficial 

 brachial consists of three parts and this fact explains the variations 

 in the origin of the radial from the axillary to the lower third of 

 the arm. Examples have been described by the following : 



Fabricius (1754), Eschenbach (1755), Morenheim (1783), Meckel (1816), 

 Tiedemann (1822), Bintot (1827), Thierry (1827), Lauth (1833), Bour- 

 gery (1836), Petrequin (1837), Rendu (1841), Vergez (1842), Quain 

 (1844), Dubrueil (1847), Broca (1849), Gruber (1849), Parmentier 

 (1850), Didion (1850), Langer (1851), Gruber (1852), Michel (1855). 

 Isaacs (1855), Reinhardt (1856), Maestre (1864), Patruban (1866), 

 Oefifenger (1867), Petit (1867), Carver (1869), Parisot (1869), Pye-Smith 

 (1871), Foltz (1872-3), Charles (1873), Davies-Colley (1873), Charles 

 (1874), Robin (1874), Dean (i-88o), Thomson (1883), Giacomini (1884). 

 Giuria (1888), Savariaud (1894), Souligoux (1893), Hawthorne (1895). 

 Lafite (1898), Breme (1899), Schwalbe (1898), Balli (1903), Muller 

 (1903), Borguet (1905), Georgigevriski (1906), Pitzorno (1907). Fontan 

 (191 1 ), Vilhena (1913), Svenson (1916), Poynter. 



