Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 31 



ARTERIES OF THE PELVIS 



A. ILIACA COMMUNIS 



The iliacs are the proximal persistent portion of the umbilical 

 arteries. A number of observations have been made in which one 

 of the umbilical arteries was lacking in the cord, Fleischmann 

 (1815) ; or was obliterated, Bremer (1906). Mouchotte (1900) 

 reported finding no artery on the left distal to the hypogastric, 

 which was rudimentary. Other cases were reported by Boudant 

 (1828) and Tschaussow (1886), Duckworth (1907), see Argaud 

 (1904). The umbilical situated in a deep fold of peritoneum was 

 seen by Kelch (1803) and Otto (1830) ; Otto (1824) found the 

 umbilical remaining patent to the umbilicus in an adult. 



The common iliacs vary very much in length ; data on this point 

 may be found from the studies of Quain (1844), Thomson (1892), 

 Levi (1902), Lipschutz (1918). The latter two found that the 

 length does not depend on the point at which they join the aorta. 



A. HYPOGASTRICA 



The hypogastric artery shows the same wide variation of 

 branches as found in the axillary. In order to explain these 

 anomalies, I made a study of the development of this vessel and its 

 branches, using the embryos of the Harvard collection and those 

 of Doctor Jackson at Minnesota University, together with my own. 

 The following statement is taken from an unpublished paper based 

 on that work. 



Young (1898-1900) presented the hypothesis that the umbilical 

 arteries represented continuations of the aorta, and that the curved 

 aspect represented a caudal arch corresponding to the aortic arches. 

 This idea overlooks the mechanism of shifting of the branches of 

 the abdominal aorta which Tandler (1903) and Broman (1908) 

 have so definitely established. 



An early 9th day rabbit embryo. Harvard No. 620, shows an 

 extensive plexus in the caudal region, vittilense, before any definite 

 channels have been established between the unfused aortge and the 

 umbilical trunks. Very soon, 9^ -day age, the plexus has given 

 place to five or more roots of connection between the umbilicals 



