Congenital Anomalies of Arteries and Veins 33 



A. Iliolumbaiis 



These vessels develop somewhat later than those outlined above, 

 but from the same plexus, so that they share in the irregularities 

 of origin. Dubrueil (1847) reported it lacking. It has been re- 

 peatedly reported double and many anatomists have considered it 

 a branch of the superior gluteal. Poirier and Levi both consider 

 it a branch of the hypogastric, and with them I must agree, not 

 only because of its development, but because in this series it arose 

 independently in 72 per cent. It has been observed as a branch of 

 the lumbars, sacra media, and more frequently of the lateral sacral. 



A. Sacralis Lateralis 



These vessels show great irregularity in development and pri- 

 marily are represented by two separate vessels, a superior and an 

 inferior vessel. They are frequently associated with the gluteal in 

 early development, a condition reflected in the adult statistics. 

 Parsons (1897) 92 per cent. My series shows these arteries sin- 

 gle 55 per cent., double 45 per cent., arising from the hypogastric 

 22 per cent. 



A. Obturatoria 



This artery has attracted more attention than all of the rest of 

 the group, due, no doubt, to the surgical interest connected with its 

 origin from the epigastric. Almost every text-book on surgical 

 anatomy goes into an extended explanation of its course and rela- 

 tions. It is not necessary to include all of the references to iso- 

 lated reports of "an unusual anomaly of the obturator," but it 

 seems desirable to present statistical evidence for the origin from 

 the epigastric and cite those cases which seem to be unusual in 

 other particulars. The first report I have been able to find is that 

 of Haller (1745), note 9, who says, " Non tamen perpetuum est 

 earn arteriam a pelves truncis nasci, eam novies~ ex epigastrica 

 ortam." The surgical significance of the anomalous course seems 

 to have been recognized by Monroe (1806). Very soon numerous 

 statistics of frequency were made, which still influence our litera- 

 ture. Burns (1806) placed the frequency at 50 per cent., based 

 on an observation of two cases; Velpeau (1832) studied 20 cases 



